บทแนะนำนี้อธิบายวิธีกำหนดค่าที่เก็บข้อมูล Cloud Storage เพื่อโฮสต์เว็บไซต์แบบคงที่สำหรับโดเมนที่คุณเป็นเจ้าของ หน้าเว็บแบบสแตติกสามารถมีเทคโนโลยีฝั่งไคลเอ็นต์ เช่น HTML, CSS และ JavaScript ไม่สามารถมีเนื้อหาแบบไดนามิกเช่นสคริปต์ฝั่งเซิร์ฟเวอร์เช่น PHP บทช่วยสอนนี้แสดงวิธีให้บริการเนื้อหาผ่าน HTTP สำหรับบทช่วยสอนที่ใช้ HTTPS โปรดดูที่การโฮสต์เว็บไซต์แบบสแตติก สำหรับตัวอย่างและเคล็ดลับเกี่ยวกับหน้าเว็บแบบคงที่ รวมถึงวิธีโฮสต์เนื้อหาแบบคงที่สำหรับเว็บไซต์แบบไดนามิก โปรดดูที่หน้าเว็บไซต์แบบคงที่ ## วัตถุประสงค์ในบทช่วยสอนนี้ คุณจะ: - ชี้โดเมนของคุณไปที่ Cloud Storage โดยใช้ บันทึก CNAME - สร้างบัคเก็ตที่เชื่อมโยงกับโดเมนของคุณ - อัปโหลดและแชร์ไฟล์ในไซต์ของคุณ - ทดสอบเว็บไซต์ ## ค่าใช้จ่าย บทแนะนำนี้ใช้องค์ประกอบที่เรียกเก็บเงินได้ต่อไปนี้ของ Google Cloud: - การจัดเก็บเมฆ ดูเคล็ดลับการตรวจสอบค่าบริการพื้นที่เก็บข้อมูลของคุณสำหรับรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับค่าใช้จ่ายที่อาจเกิดขึ้นเมื่อโฮสต์เว็บไซต์แบบคงที่ และดูหน้าราคาสำหรับรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับค่าใช้จ่าย Cloud Storage ## ก่อนที่จะเริ่ม - ลงชื่อเข้าใช้บัญชี Google Cloud ของคุณ หากคุณเพิ่งเริ่มใช้ Google Cloud ให้สร้างบัญชีเพื่อประเมินประสิทธิภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์ของเราในสถานการณ์จริง ลูกค้าใหม่ยังได้รับเครดิตฟรีมูลค่า $300 เพื่อเรียกใช้ ทดสอบ และปรับใช้เวิร์กโหลด - ใน Google Cloud Console ในหน้าตัวเลือกโปรเจ็กต์ ให้เลือกหรือสร้างโปรเจ็กต์ Google Cloud - ตรวจสอบว่าได้เปิดใช้การเรียกเก็บเงินสำหรับโปรเจ็กต์ระบบคลาวด์แล้ว เรียนรู้วิธีตรวจสอบว่ามีการเปิดใช้งานการเรียกเก็บเงินในโครงการหรือไม่ - ใน Google Cloud Console ในหน้าตัวเลือกโปรเจ็กต์ ให้เลือกหรือสร้างโปรเจ็กต์ Google Cloud - ตรวจสอบว่าได้เปิดใช้การเรียกเก็บเงินสำหรับโปรเจ็กต์ระบบคลาวด์แล้ว เรียนรู้วิธีตรวจสอบว่ามีการเปิดใช้งานการเรียกเก็บเงินในโครงการหรือไม่ - มีโดเมนที่คุณเป็นเจ้าของหรือจัดการ หากคุณไม่มีโดเมนอยู่แล้ว มีบริการมากมายที่คุณสามารถจดทะเบียนโดเมนใหม่ได้ เช่น Google โดเมน บทช่วยสอนนี้ใช้โดเมน ตัวอย่าง.คอม - ยืนยันว่า คุณเป็นเจ้าของหรือจัดการโดเมนที่คุณจะใช้งาน ตรวจสอบให้แน่ใจว่าคุณเป็น การตรวจสอบโดเมนระดับบนสุด เช่น example.com ไม่ใช่โดเมนย่อย เช่น www.example.com หมายเหตุ: หากคุณเป็นเจ้าของโดเมนที่เชื่อมโยงกับบัคเก็ต คุณอาจเคยทำขั้นตอนนี้แล้วในอดีต หากคุณซื้อโดเมนผ่าน Google Domains การยืนยันจะเป็นไปโดยอัตโนมัติ ## เชื่อมต่อโดเมนของคุณกับ Cloud Storage หากต้องการเชื่อมต่อโดเมนของคุณกับ Cloud Storage ให้สร้าง บันทึก CNAME ผ่านบริการจดทะเบียนโดเมนของคุณ ก ระเบียน CNAME เป็น DNS ประเภทหนึ่ง บันทึก. จะนำทราฟฟิกที่ขอ URL จากโดเมนของคุณไปยังทรัพยากร ที่คุณต้องการให้บริการ ในกรณีนี้คือวัตถุในบัคเก็ต Cloud Storage ของคุณ สำหรับ www.example.com, the ระเบียน CNAME อาจมีสิ่งต่อไปนี้ ข้อมูล: ชื่อประเภทข้อมูล www CNAME c.storage.googleapis.com สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับ การเปลี่ยนเส้นทาง CNAME ดู URI สำหรับ นามแฝง CNAME ในการเชื่อมต่อโดเมนของคุณกับ Cloud Storage: สร้าง บันทึก CNAME ที่ชี้ไปที่ c.storage.googleapis.com บริการจดทะเบียนโดเมนของคุณควรมีวิธีการดูแลโดเมนของคุณ ซึ่งรวมถึงการเพิ่ม บันทึก CNAME ตัวอย่างเช่น หากคุณใช้ Google Domains คุณสามารถดูคำแนะนำในการเพิ่มระเบียนทรัพยากรได้ในหน้าความช่วยเหลือของ Google Domains ## การสร้างที่ฝากข้อมูล สร้างบัคเก็ตที่มีชื่อตรงกับ CNAME ที่คุณสร้างสำหรับโดเมนของคุณ ตัวอย่างเช่น หากคุณเพิ่ม ระเบียน CNAME ชี้จาก www โดเมนย่อยของ example.com ถึง c.storage.googleapis.com แล้วสร้างบัคเก็ตด้วย ชื่อ "www.example.com"ในการสร้างบัคเก็ต: คอนโซล - ในคอนโซล Google Cloud ให้ไปที่ Cloud Storage หน้าถัง คลิก สร้างที่เก็บข้อมูลเพื่อเปิดแบบฟอร์มการสร้างที่เก็บข้อมูล ป้อนข้อมูลบัคเก็ตของคุณแล้วคลิก ดำเนินการต่อเพื่อเสร็จสิ้นแต่ละขั้นตอน: เดอะ ชื่อบัคเก็ตของคุณ ซึ่งตรงกับชื่อโฮสต์ที่เชื่อมโยงกับของคุณ บันทึก CNAME เลือก ประเภทตำแหน่งและตำแหน่งของบัคเก็ตของคุณ ตัวอย่างเช่น ภูมิภาคและ us-east1 เลือก Standard Storage สำหรับคลาส Storage เลือก เครื่องแบบสำหรับการควบคุมการเข้าถึง - คลิก สร้าง หากสำเร็จ คุณจะถูกนำไปที่หน้าบัคเก็ตพร้อมข้อความ "ไม่มีอ็อบเจกต์สดในบัคเก็ตนี้"gsutil ใช้ คำสั่ง gsutil mb: gsutil mb gswww.example.com หากสำเร็จ คำสั่งจะส่งกลับ: กำลังสร้าง gswww.example.com ตัวอย่างโค้ด สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage C++ API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage C# API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage Go API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage Java API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage Node.js API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage PHP API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage Python API เอกสารอ้างอิง สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โปรดดูที่ Cloud Storage Ruby API เอกสารอ้างอิง ## ภาษาซี++ เนมสเปซ gcs = ::google::cloud::storage; ใช้ ::google::cloud::StatusOr; gcs::ไคลเอ็นต์ไคลเอ็นต์, std::string const& bucket_name std::string const& storage_class, std::string const& ที่ตั้ง) { สถานะหรือ bucket_metadata = client.CreateBucket(bucket_name, gcs::BucketMetadata() .set_storage_class(storage_class) .set_location(location if (!bucket_metadata) { throw std::runtime_error(bucket_metadata.statusmessage } std::cout << "Bucket " << bucket_metadata->name() << " created." << " Full Metadata: " << *bucket_metadata << " "; } ## C# using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data; using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1; using System; public class CreateRegionalBucketSample { Creates a storage bucket with region The ID of the project to create the buckets inparam> The location of the bucket. Object data for objects in the bucket resides in physical storage within this region. Defaults to USparam> The name of the bucket to createparam> The bucket's default storage class, used whenever no storageClass is specified for a newly-created object. This defines how objects in the bucket are stored and determines the SLA and the cost of storage. Values include MULTI_REGIONAL, REGIONAL, STANDARD, NEARLINE, COLDLINE, ARCHIVE, and DURABLE_REDUCED_AVAILABILITY If this value is not specified when the bucket is created, it will default to STANDARDparam> public Bucket CreateRegionalBucket( string projectId = "your-project-id", string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name", string location = "us-west1", string storageClass = "REGIONAL") { var storage = StorageClient.Create Bucket bucket = new Bucket { Location = location, Name = bucketName, StorageClass = storageClass }; var newlyCreatedBucket = storage.CreateBucket(projectId, bucket); Console.WriteLineCreated {bucketName return newlyCreatedBucket; } } ## Go import ( "context" "fmt" "io" "time" "cloud.google.com/go/storage" ) // createBucketClassLocation creates a new bucket in the project with Storage class and // location func createBucketClassLocation(w io.Writer, projectID, bucketName string) error { // projectID := "my-project-id" // bucketName := "bucket-name" ctx := context.Background() client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %v", err) } defer client.Close() ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*30) defer cancel() storageClassAndLocation := &storage.BucketAttrs{ StorageClass: "COLDLINE", Location: "asia", } bucket := client.Bucket(bucketName) if err := bucket.Create(ctx, projectID, storageClassAndLocation); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Create: %v", bucketName, err) } fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created bucket %v in %v with storage class %v ", bucketName, storageClassAndLocation.Location, storageClassAndLocation.StorageClass) return nil } ## Java import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket; import com.google.cloud.storage.BucketInfo; import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageClass; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions; public class CreateBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation { public static void createBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation(String projectId, String bucketName) { // The ID of your GCP project // String projectId = "your-project-id"; // The ID to give your GCS bucket // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name"; Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuildersetProjectId(projectId).buildgetService // See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes: // httpsgoogleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html StorageClass storageClass = StorageClass.COLDLINE; // See this documentation for other valid locations: // httpg.co/cloud/storage/docs/bucket-locations#location-mr String location = "ASIA"; Bucket bucket = storage.create( BucketInfo.newBuilder(bucketName) .setStorageClass(storageClass) .setLocation(location) .build System.out.println( "Created bucket " + bucket.getName() + " in " + bucket.getLocation() + " with storage class " + bucket.getStorageClass } } ## Node.js * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample */ // The ID of your GCS bucket // const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name'; // The name of a storage class // See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes: // httpsgoogleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html // const storageClass = 'coldline'; // The name of a location // See this documentation for other valid locations: // httpg.co/cloud/storage/docs/locations#location-mr // const location = 'ASIA'; // Imports the Google Cloud client library const {Storage} = requiregoogle-cloud/storage // Creates a client // The bucket in the sample below will be created in the project associated with this client // For more information, please see httpscloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production or httpsgoogleapis.dev/nodejs/storage/latest/Storage.html const storage = new Storage async function createBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation() { // For default values see: httpscloud.google.com/storage/docs/locations and // httpscloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes const [bucket] = await storage.createBucket(bucketName, { location, [storageClass]: true, console.log( bucket.name} created with ${storageClass} class in ${location}` ); } createBucketWithStorageClassAndLocationcatch(console.error); ## PHP use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient; * Create a new bucket with a custom default storage class and location * * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket * (e.g. 'my-bucket') */ function create_bucket_class_location(string $bucketName): void { $storage = new StorageClient $storageClass = 'COLDLINE'; $location = 'ASIA'; $bucket = $storage->createBucket($bucketName, [ 'storageClass' => $storageClass, 'location' => $location, $objects = $bucket->objects([ 'encryption' => [ 'defaultKmsKeyName' => null, ] printf('Created bucket %s in %s with storage class %s', $bucketName, $storageClass, $location); } ## Python from google.cloud import storage def create_bucket_class_location(bucket_name): Create a new bucket in the US region with the coldline storage class # bucket_name = "your-new-bucket-name" storage_client = storage.Client() bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name) bucket.storage_class = "COLDLINE" new_bucket = storage_client.create_bucket(bucket, location="us") print( "Created bucket {} in {} with storage class format( new_bucket.name, new_bucket.location, new_bucket.storage_class ) ) return new_bucket ## Ruby def create_bucket_class_location bucket_name: # The ID to give your GCS bucket # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name" require "google/cloud/storage" storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new bucket = storage.create_bucket bucket_name, location: "ASIA", storage_class: "COLDLINE" puts "Created bucket #{bucket.name} in #{bucket.location} with #{bucket.storage_class} class" end For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation REST APIs JSON API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Create a JSON file that assigns your website name to the nameproperty: { "name": "www.example.com" } Use cURLto call the JSON API. For www.example.com: curl -X POST --data-binary @website-bucket-name.json \ -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRVmB7fkLtd1XTmq6mo0S1wqZZi3-Lh_s-6Uw7p8vtgSwg" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ "httpsstorage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b?project=my-static-website" XML API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Use cURLto call the XML API to create a bucket with your website name. For www.example.com: curl -X PUT \ -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRVmB7fkLtd1XTmq6mo0S1wqZZi3-Lh_s-6Uw7p8vtgSwg" \ -H "x-goog-project-id: my-static-website" \ "httpsstorage.googleapis.com/www.example.com" ## Uploading your site's files To add to your bucket the files you want your website to serve: Console - In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud Storage Bucketspage In the list of buckets, click on the name of the bucket that you created Click the Upload filesbutton in the Objectstab In the file dialog, browse to the desired file and select it After the upload completes, you should see the file name along with file information displayed in the bucket gsutil Use the gsutil cp command to copy files to your bucket. For example, to copy the file index.html from its current location Desktop: gsutil cp Desktop/index.html gswww.example.com If successful, the command returns: Copying fileDesktop/index.html [Content-Type=text/html Uploading gswww.example.com/index.html: 0 B/2.58 KiB Uploading gswww.example.com/index.html: 2.58 KiB/2.58 KiB Code samples For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: ## C++ namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage; using ::google::cloud::StatusOr; gcs::Client client, std::string const& file_name, std::string const& bucket_name, std::string const& object_name) { // Note that the client library automatically computes a hash on the // client-side to verify data integrity during transmission StatusOr metadata = client.UploadFile( file_name, bucket_name, object_name, gcs::IfGenerationMatch(0 if (!metadata) throw std::runtime_error(metadata.statusmessage std::cout << "Uploaded " << file_name << " to object " << metadata->name() << " in bucket " << metadata->bucket() << " Full metadata: " << *metadata << " "; } namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage; using ::google::cloud::StatusOr; gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name, std::string const& object_name) { std::string const text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet"; std::vector v(100, text); gcs::ObjectWriteStream stream = client.WriteObject(bucket_name, object_name); std::copy(v.begin v.end std::ostream_iterator(stream stream.Close StatusOr metadata = std::move(stream).metadata if (!metadata) throw std::runtime_error(metadata.statusmessage std::cout << "Successfully wrote to object " << metadata->name() << " its size is: " << metadata->size() << " Full metadata: " << *metadata << " "; } ## C# using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1; using System; using System.IO; public class UploadFileSample { public void UploadFile( string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name", string localPath = "my-local-path/my-file-name", string objectName = "my-file-name") { var storage = StorageClient.Create using var fileStream = File.OpenRead(localPath); storage.UploadObject(bucketName, objectName, null, fileStream); Console.WriteLineUploaded {objectName } } using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1; using System; using System.IO; using System.Text; public class UploadObjectFromMemorySample { public void UploadObjectFromMemory( string bucketName = "unique-bucket-name", string objectName = "file-name", string contents = "Hello world { var storage = StorageClient.Create byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(contents); MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(byteArray); storage.UploadObject(bucketName, objectName, "application/octet-stream" , stream); Console.WriteLine {objectName} uploaded to bucket {bucketName} with contents: {contents } } ## Go import ( "context" "fmt" "io" "os" "time" "cloud.google.com/go/storage" ) // uploadFile uploads an object func uploadFile(w io.Writer, bucket, object string) error { // bucket := "bucket-name" // object := "object-name" ctx := context.Background() client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %v", err) } defer client.Close() // Open local file f, err := os.Open("notes.txt") if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("os.Open: %v", err) } defer f.Close() ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*50) defer cancel() o := client.Bucket(bucket).Object(object) // Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race // conditions and data corruptions. The request to upload is aborted if the // object's generation number does not match your precondition // For an object that does not yet exist, set the DoesNotExist precondition o = o.If(storage.Conditions{DoesNotExist: true}) // If the live object already exists in your bucket, set instead a // generation-match precondition using the live object's generation number // attrs, err := o.Attrs(ctx) // if err != nil { // return fmt.Errorf("object.Attrs: %v", err) // } // o = o.If(storage.Conditions{GenerationMatch: attrs.Generation}) // Upload an object with storage.Writer wc := o.NewWriter(ctx) if _, err = io.Copy(wc, f); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("io.Copy: %v", err) } if err := wc.Close err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Writer.Close: %v", err) } fmt.Fprintf(w, "Blob %v uploaded. ", object) return nil } import ( "bytes" "context" "fmt" "io" "time" "cloud.google.com/go/storage" ) // streamFileUpload uploads an object via a stream func streamFileUpload(w io.Writer, bucket, object string) error { // bucket := "bucket-name" // object := "object-name" ctx := context.Background() client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %v", err) } defer client.Close() b := []byte("Hello world buf := bytes.NewBuffer(b) ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*50) defer cancel() // Upload an object with storage.Writer wc := client.Bucket(bucket).Object(object).NewWriter(ctx) wc.ChunkSize = 0 // note retries are not supported for chunk size 0 if _, err = io.Copy(wc, buf); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("io.Copy: %v", err) } // Data can continue to be added to the file until the writer is closed if err := wc.Close err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Writer.Close: %v", err) } fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v uploaded to %v. ", object, bucket) return nil } ## Java import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobId; import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobInfo; import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Paths; public class UploadObject { public static void uploadObject( String projectId, String bucketName, String objectName, String filePath) throws IOException { // The ID of your GCP project // String projectId = "your-project-id"; // The ID of your GCS bucket // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name"; // The ID of your GCS object // String objectName = "your-object-name"; // The path to your file to upload // String filePath = "path/to/your/file" // Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race // conditions and data corruptions. The request returns a 412 error if the // preconditions are not met // For a target object that does not yet exist, set the DoesNotExist precondition Storage.BlobTargetOption precondition = Storage.BlobTargetOption.doesNotExist // If the destination already exists in your bucket, instead set a generation-match // precondition: // Storage.BlobTargetOption precondition = Storage.BlobTargetOption.generationMatch Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuildersetProjectId(projectId).buildgetService BlobId blobId = BlobId.of(bucketName, objectName); BlobInfo blobInfo = BlobInfo.newBuilder(blobId).build storage.create(blobInfo, Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(filePath precondition); System.out.println( "File " + filePath + " uploaded to bucket " + bucketName + " as " + objectName); } } import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobId; import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobInfo; import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class UploadObjectFromMemory { public static void uploadObjectFromMemory( String projectId, String bucketName, String objectName, String contents) throws IOException { // The ID of your GCP project // String projectId = "your-project-id"; // The ID of your GCS bucket // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name"; // The ID of your GCS object // String objectName = "your-object-name"; // The string of contents you wish to upload // String contents = "Hello world Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuildersetProjectId(projectId).buildgetService BlobId blobId = BlobId.of(bucketName, objectName); BlobInfo blobInfo = BlobInfo.newBuilder(blobId).build byte[] content = contents.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); storage.createFrom(blobInfo, new ByteArrayInputStream(content System.out.println( "Object " + objectName + " uploaded to bucket " + bucketName + " with contents " + contents); } } ## Node.js * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample */ // The ID of your GCS bucket // const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name'; // The path to your file to upload // const filePath = 'path/to/your/file'; // The new ID for your GCS file // const destFileName = 'your-new-file-name'; // Imports the Google Cloud client library const {Storage} = requiregoogle-cloud/storage // Creates a client const storage = new Storage async function uploadFile() { const options = { destination: destFileName, // Optional: // Set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race conditions // and data corruptions. The request to upload is aborted if the object's // generation number does not match your precondition. For a destination // object that does not yet exist, set the ifGenerationMatch precondition to 0 // If the destination object already exists in your bucket, set instead a // generation-match precondition using its generation number preconditionOpts: {ifGenerationMatch: generationMatchPrecondition}, }; await storage.bucket(bucketName).upload(filePath, options); console.logfilePath} uploaded to ${bucketName } uploadFilecatch(console.error); * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample */ // The ID of your GCS bucket // const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name'; // The contents that you want to upload // const contents = 'these are my contents'; // The new ID for your GCS file // const destFileName = 'your-new-file-name'; // Imports the Google Cloud Node.js client library const {Storage} = requiregoogle-cloud/storage // Creates a client const storage = new Storage async function uploadFromMemory() { await storage.bucket(bucketName).file(destFileName).save(contents); console.log( destFileName} with contents ${contents} uploaded to ${bucketName ); } uploadFromMemorycatch(console.error); ## PHP use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient; * Upload a file * * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket * (e.g. 'my-bucket') * @param string $objectName The name of your Cloud Storage object * (e.g. 'my-object') * @param string $source The path to the file to upload * (e.g. '/path/to/your/file') */ function upload_object(string $bucketName, string $objectName, string $source): void { $storage = new StorageClient $file = fopen($source, 'r $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName); $object = $bucket->upload($file, [ 'name' => $objectName printf('Uploaded %s to gss/%s' . PHP_EOL, basename($source), $bucketName, $objectName); } use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient; * Upload an object from memory buffer * * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket * (e.g. 'my-bucket') * @param string $objectName The name of your Cloud Storage object * (e.g. 'my-object') * @param string $contents The contents to upload to the file * (e.g. 'these are my contents') */ function upload_object_from_memory( string $bucketName, string $objectName, string $contents ): void { $storage = new StorageClient $stream = fopen('datatext/plain,' . $contents, 'r $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName); $bucket->upload($stream, [ 'name' => $objectName, printf('Uploaded %s to gss/%s' . PHP_EOL, $contents, $bucketName, $objectName); } ## Python from google.cloud import storage def upload_blob(bucket_name, source_file_name, destination_blob_name): Uploads a file to the bucket # The ID of your GCS bucket # bucket_name = "your-bucket-name" # The path to your file to upload # source_file_name = "local/path/to/file" # The ID of your GCS object # destination_blob_name = "storage-object-name" storage_client = storage.Client() bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name) blob = bucket.blob(destination_blob_name) blob.upload_from_filename(source_file_name) print( f"File {source_file_name} uploaded to {destination_blob_name ) from google.cloud import storage def upload_blob_from_memory(bucket_name, contents, destination_blob_name): Uploads a file to the bucket # The ID of your GCS bucket # bucket_name = "your-bucket-name" # The contents to upload to the file # contents = "these are my contents" # The ID of your GCS object # destination_blob_name = "storage-object-name" storage_client = storage.Client() bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name) blob = bucket.blob(destination_blob_name) blob.upload_from_string(contents) print( f"{destination_blob_name} with contents {contents} uploaded to {bucket_name ) ## Ruby def upload_file bucket_name:, local_file_path:, file_name: nil # The ID of your GCS bucket # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name" # The path to your file to upload # local_file_path = "/local/path/to/file.txt" # The ID of your GCS object # file_name = "your-file-name" require "google/cloud/storage" storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new bucket = storage.bucket bucket_name, skip_lookup: true file = bucket.create_file local_file_path, file_name puts "Uploaded #{local_file_path} as #{file.name} in bucket #{bucket_name}" end # The ID of your GCS bucket # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name" # The ID of your GCS object # file_name = "your-file-name" # The contents to upload to your file # file_content = "Hello, world!" require "google/cloud/storage" storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new bucket = storage.bucket bucket_name, skip_lookup: true file = bucket.create_file StringIO.new(file_content), file_name puts "Uploaded file #{file.name} to bucket #{bucket_name} with content: #{file_content}" For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation The following sample uploads an object from a file: The following sample uploads an object from memory: REST APIs JSON API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Use cURLto call the JSON API with a POSTObject request. For the index page of www.example.com: curl -X POST --data-binary @index.html \ -H "Content-Type: text/html" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRVmB7fkLtd1XTmq6mo0S1wqZZi3-Lh_s-6Uw7p8vtgSwg" \ "httpsstorage.googleapis.com/upload/storage/v1/b/www.example.com/o?uploadType=media&name=index.html" XML API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Use cURLto call the XML API with a PUTObject request. For the index page of www.example.com: curl -X PUT --data-binary @index.html \ -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRVmB7fkLtd1XTmq6mo0S1wqZZi3-Lh_s-6Uw7p8vtgSwg" \ -H "Content-Type: text/html" \ "httpsstorage.googleapis.com/www.example.com/index.html" ## Sharing your files To make all objects in a bucket readable to everyone on the public internet: Console - In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud Storage Bucketspage In the list of buckets, click on the name of the bucket that you want to make public Select the Permissionstab near the top of the page Click the + Addbutton The Add principalsdialog box appears In the New principalsfield, enter allUsers In the Select a roledrop down, select the Cloud Storagesub-menu, and click the Storage Object Vieweroption Click Save Click Allow public access Once shareda **link** icon appears for each object in the *public access* column. You can click on this icon to get the URL for the object gsutil Use the gsutil iam ch command: gsutil iam ch allUsers:objectViewer gswww.example.com Code samples For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation ## C++ namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage; using ::google::cloud::StatusOr; gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name) { auto current_policy = client.GetNativeBucketIamPolicy( bucket_name, gcs::RequestedPolicyVersion(3 if (!current_policy) { throw std::runtime_error(current_policy.statusmessage } current_policy->set_version(3); current_policy->bindingsemplace_back( gcs::NativeIamBinding("roles/storage.objectViewer", {"allUsers auto updated = client.SetNativeBucketIamPolicy(bucket_name, *current_policy); if (!updated) throw std::runtime_error(updated.statusmessage std::cout << "Policy successfully updated: " << *updated << " "; } ## Go import ( "context" "fmt" "io" "cloud.google.com/go/iam" "cloud.google.com/go/storage" iampb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/iam/v1" ) // setBucketPublicIAM makes all objects in a bucketreadable func setBucketPublicIAM(w io.Writer, bucketName string) error { // bucketName := "bucket-name" ctx := context.Background() client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %v", err) } defer client.Close() policy, err := client.Bucket(bucketName).IAMV3Policy(ctx) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).IAMV3Policy: %v", bucketName, err) } role := "roles/storage.objectViewer" policy.Bindings = append(policy.Bindings, &iampb.Binding{ Role: role, Members: []string{iam.AllUsers}, }) if err := client.Bucket(bucketName).IAMV3SetPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).IAMSetPolicy: %v", bucketName, err) } fmt.Fprintf(w, "Bucket %v is nowreadable ", bucketName) return nil } ## Java import com.google.cloud.Identity; import com.google.cloud.Policy; import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageRoles; public class MakeBucketPublic { public static void makeBucketPublic(String projectId, String bucketName) { // The ID of your GCP project // String projectId = "your-project-id"; // The ID of your GCS bucket // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name"; Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuildersetProjectId(projectId).buildgetService Policy originalPolicy = storage.getIamPolicy(bucketName); storage.setIamPolicy( bucketName, originalPolicy .toBuilder() .addIdentity(StorageRoles.objectViewer Identity.allUsers // All users can view .build System.out.println("Bucket " + bucketName + " is nowreadable } } ## Node.js * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample */ // The ID of your GCS bucket // const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name'; // Imports the Google Cloud client library const {Storage} = requiregoogle-cloud/storage // Creates a client const storage = new Storage async function makeBucketPublic() { await storage.bucket(bucketName).makePublic console.log(`Bucket ${bucketName} is nowreadable } makeBucketPubliccatch(console.error); ## Python from typing import List from google.cloud import storage def set_bucket_public_iam( bucket_name: str = "your-bucket-name", members: List[str] = ["allUsers ): Set a public IAM Policy to bucket # bucket_name = "your-bucket-name" storage_client = storage.Client() bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name) policy = bucket.get_iam_policy(requested_policy_version=3) policy.bindings.append( {"role": "roles/storage.objectViewer", "members": members} ) bucket.set_iam_policy(policy) print(f"Bucket {bucket.name} is nowreadable") ## Ruby def set_bucket_public_iam bucket_name: # The ID of your GCS bucket # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name" require "google/cloud/storage" storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new bucket = storage.bucket bucket_name bucket.policy do |p| p.add "roles/storage.objectViewer", "allUsers" end puts "Bucket #{bucket_name} is nowreadable" end For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation REST APIs JSON API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Create a JSON file that contains the following information: { "bindings { "role": "roles/storage.objectViewer", "membersallUsers"] } ] } Use cURLto call the JSON API with a PUTBucket request: curl -X PUT --data-binary @ JSON_FILE_NAME\ -H "Authorization: Bearer OAUTH2_TOKEN" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ "httpsstorage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/ BUCKET_NAME/iam" Where: is the path for the JSON file that you created in Step 2 JSON_FILE_NAME is the access token you created in Step 1 OAUTH2_TOKEN is the name of the bucket whose objects you want to make public. For example, BUCKET_NAME my-bucket - XML API Making all objects in a bucketreadable is not supported by the XML API. Use gsutil or the JSON API instead You can make groups of objects in your bucketaccessible, but generally, making all files in your bucketaccessible is easier and faster Visitors receive a http 403 response code when requesting the URL for a non-public or non-existent file. See the next section for information on how to add an error page that uses a http 404 response code ## Recommended: Assigning specialty pages You can assign an index page suffix, which is controlled by the MainPageSuffix property and a custom error page, which is controlled by the NotFoundPage property. Assigning either is optional, but without an index page, nothing is served when users access your top-level site, for example, httpwww.example.com. For more information, see Website configuration examples In the following sample, the MainPageSuffix is set to index.html and NotFoundPage is set to 404.html: Console - In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud Storage Bucketspage In the list of buckets, find the bucket you created Click the Bucket overflowmenu ( ) associated with the bucket and select Edit website configuration In the website configuration dialog, specify the main page and error page Click Save gsutil Use the gsutil web set command to set the MainPageSuffix property with the -m flag and the NotFoundPage with the -e flag: gsutil web set -m index.html -e 404.html gswww.example.com If successful, the command returns: Setting website config on gswww.example.com Code samples For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation ## C++ namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage; using ::google::cloud::StatusOr; gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name, std::string const& main_page_suffix, std::string const& not_found_page) { StatusOr original = client.GetBucketMetadata(bucket_name); if (!original) throw std::runtime_error(original.statusmessage StatusOr patched_metadata = client.PatchBucket( bucket_name, gcs::BucketMetadataPatchBuilderSetWebsite( gcs::BucketWebsite{main_page_suffix, not_found_page gcs::IfMetagenerationMatch(original->metageneration if (!patched_metadata) { throw std::runtime_error(patched_metadata.statusmessage } if (!patched_metadata->has_website { std::cout << "Static website configuration is not set for bucket " << patched_metadata->name() << " "; return; } std::cout << "Static website configuration successfully set for bucket " << patched_metadata->name() << " New main page suffix is: " << patched_metadata->websitemain_page_suffix << " New not found page is: " << patched_metadata->websitenot_found_page << " "; } ## C# using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data; using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1; using System; public class BucketWebsiteConfigurationSample { public Bucket BucketWebsiteConfiguration( string bucketName = "your-bucket-name", string mainPageSuffix = "index.html", string notFoundPage = "404.html") { var storage = StorageClient.Create var bucket = storage.GetBucket(bucketName); if (bucket.Website == null) { bucket.Website = new Bucket.WebsiteData } bucket.Website.MainPageSuffix = mainPageSuffix; bucket.Website.NotFoundPage = notFoundPage; bucket = storage.UpdateBucket(bucket); Console.WriteLineStatic website bucket {bucketName} is set up to use {mainPageSuffix} as the index page and {notFoundPage} as the 404 not found page return bucket; } } ## Go import ( "context" "fmt" "io" "time" "cloud.google.com/go/storage" ) // setBucketWebsiteInfo sets website configuration on a bucket func setBucketWebsiteInfo(w io.Writer, bucketName, indexPage, notFoundPage string) error { // bucketName := "www.example.com" // indexPage := "index.html" // notFoundPage := "404.html" ctx := context.Background() client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %v", err) } defer client.Close() ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10) defer cancel() bucket := client.Bucket(bucketName) bucketAttrsToUpdate := storage.BucketAttrsToUpdate{ Website: &storage.BucketWebsite{ MainPageSuffix: indexPage, NotFoundPage: notFoundPage, }, } if _, err := bucket.Update(ctx, bucketAttrsToUpdate); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Update: %v", bucketName, err) } fmt.Fprintf(w, "Static website bucket %v is set up to use %v as the index page and %v as the 404 page ", bucketName, indexPage, notFoundPage) return nil } ## Java import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket; import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage; import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions; public class SetBucketWebsiteInfo { public static void setBucketWesbiteInfo( String projectId, String bucketName, String indexPage, String notFoundPage) { // The ID of your GCP project // String projectId = "your-project-id"; // The ID of your static website bucket // String bucketName = "www.example.com"; // The index page for a static website bucket // String indexPage = "index.html"; // The 404 page for a static website bucket // String notFoundPage = "404.html"; Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuildersetProjectId(projectId).buildgetService Bucket bucket = storage.get(bucketName); bucket.toBuildersetIndexPage(indexPage).setNotFoundPage(notFoundPage).buildupdate System.out.println( "Static website bucket " + bucketName + " is set up to use " + indexPage + " as the index page and " + notFoundPage + " as the 404 page } } ## Node.js * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample */ // The ID of your GCS bucket // const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name'; // The name of the main page // const mainPageSuffix = 'httpexample.com'; // The Name of a 404 page // const notFoundPage = 'httpexample.com/404.html'; // Imports the Google Cloud client library const {Storage} = requiregoogle-cloud/storage // Creates a client const storage = new Storage async function addBucketWebsiteConfiguration() { await storage.bucket(bucketName).setMetadata({ website: { mainPageSuffix, notFoundPage, }, console.log( `Static website bucket ${bucketName} is set up to use ${mainPageSuffix} as the index page and ${notFoundPage} as the 404 page` ); } addBucketWebsiteConfigurationcatch(console.error); ## PHP use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient; * Update the given bucket's website configuration * * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket * (e.g. 'my-bucket') * @param string $indexPageObject the name of an object in the bucket to use as * (e.g. 'index.html') * an index page for a static website bucket * @param string $notFoundPageObject the name of an object in the bucket to use * (e.g. '404.html') * as the 404 Not Found page */ function define_bucket_website_configuration(string $bucketName, string $indexPageObject, string $notFoundPageObject): void { $storage = new StorageClient $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName); $bucket->update([ 'website' => [ 'mainPageSuffix' => $indexPageObject, 'notFoundPage' => $notFoundPageObject ] printf( 'Static website bucket %s is set up to use %s as the index page and %s as the 404 page $bucketName, $indexPageObject, $notFoundPageObject ); } ## Python from google.cloud import storage def define_bucket_website_configuration(bucket_name, main_page_suffix, not_found_page): Configure website-related properties of bucket # bucket_name = "your-bucket-name" # main_page_suffix = "index.html" # not_found_page = "404.html" storage_client = storage.Client() bucket = storage_client.get_bucket(bucket_name) bucket.configure_website(main_page_suffix, not_found_page) bucket.patch() print( "Static website bucket {} is set up to use {} as the index page and {} as the 404 page".format( bucket.name, main_page_suffix, not_found_page ) ) return bucket ## Ruby def define_bucket_website_configuration bucket_name:, main_page_suffix:, not_found_page: # The ID of your static website bucket # bucket_name = "www.example.com" # The index page for a static website bucket # main_page_suffix = "index.html" # The 404 page for a static website bucket # not_found_page = "404.html" require "google/cloud/storage" storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new bucket = storage.bucket bucket_name bucket.update do |b| b.website_main = main_page_suffix b.website_404 = not_found_page end puts "Static website bucket #{bucket_name} is set up to use #{main_page_suffix} as the index page and " not_found_page} as the 404 page" end For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation REST APIs JSON API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Create a JSON file that sets the mainPageSuffixand notFoundPageproperties in a websiteobject to the desired pages: { "website "mainPageSuffix": "index.html", "notFoundPage": "404.html" } } Use cURLto call the JSON API with a PATCHBucket request. For www.example.com: curl -X PATCH --data-binary @web-config.json \ -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRVmB7fkLtd1XTmq6mo0S1wqZZi3-Lh_s-6Uw7p8vtgSwg" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ "httpsstorage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/www.example.com" XML API - Get an authorization access token from the OAuth 2.0 Playground. Configure the playground to use your own OAuth credentials. For instructions, see API authentication Create an XML file that sets the MainPageSuffixand NotFoundPageelements in a WebsiteConfigurationelement to the desired pages: index.html 404.html Use cURLto call the XML API with a PUTBucket request and websiteConfigquery string parameter. For www.example.com: curl -X PUT --data-binary @web-config.xml \ -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRVmB7fkLtd1XTmq6mo0S1wqZZi3-Lh_s-6Uw7p8vtgSwg" \ httpsstorage.googleapis.com/www.example.com?websiteConfig ## Testing the website Verify that content is served from the bucket by requesting the domain name in a browser. You can do this with a path to an object or with just the domain name, if you set the MainPageSuffix property For example, if you have an object named test.html stored in a bucket named www.example.com, check that it's accessible by going to www.example.com/test.html in your browser ## Clean up After you finish the tutorial, you can clean up the resources that you created so that they stop using quota and incurring charges. The following sections describe how to delete or turn off these resources Deleting the project The easiest way to eliminate billing is to delete the project that you created for the tutorial To delete the project: - In the Google Cloud console, go to the Manage resourcespage - In the project list, select the project that you want to delete, and then click Delete - In the dialog, type the project ID, and then click downto delete the project ## What's next - See examples and tips for using buckets to host a static website - Visit the troubleshooting section for hosting a static website - Learn about hosting static assets for a dynamic website - Go more in-depth with the Cloud Storage Office Hours for hosting a static website - Learn about all web serving options - Try other Google Cloud tutorials that use Cloud Storage.