= ifu elingenalutho lensimbi = Kuyini ifu elingenalutho lensimbi? I-Bare-metal cloud iyisevisi yamafu yomphakathi lapho ikhasimende liqasha khona izinsiza ze-hardware ezinikezelwe kumnikezeli wesevisi okude. Inikeza izinsiza zehadiwe ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe noma ingqalasizinda yokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo Ingqalasizinda yesevisi yamafu yezentengiselwano inika amandla ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuhlukaniswa iziqephu zekhompuyutha, ukugcinwa kanye nezinsiza zedathabheyisi ukuze amaseva nezinhlelo zokulondoloza zingaqoshwa futhi kwabelwane ngazo ngamakhasimende amaningi. Kodwa nakuba izimo zekhompiyutha ezingokoqobo zinikeza ukuguquguquka kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko, kunezihibe, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nombango wezinsiza -- lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkinga yomakhelwane enomsindo. Kukhona futhi ubungozi bokuhlukaniswa okungaphelele kwezindawo zokusebenza namanethiwekhi abonakalayo. I-Bare-metal cloud ixazulula lezi zinkinga, yabela amakhasimende izinsiza ezibonakalayo ezingazodwa I-bare-metal-cloud iyindlela enhle yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zedatha kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ephezulu engasebenzi kahle ne-latency. Iningi labathengisi bamafu abakhulu kunabo bonke, njenge-AWS, IBM, Oracle kanye neRackspace, banikela ngezinsizakalo zamafu ensimbi engenalutho. Kwenziwa kanjani i-bare-metalwork? Izinsizakalo ze-Bare-metal ziyiminikelo yamafu eqathaniswa nokuqasha iseva eluhlaza, ezinikele kumhlinzeki wesevisi ophethwe (MSP). Njengamaseva ajwayelekile azinikezele, izehlakalo ze-bare-metal azifakwa ngaphambili nge-hypervisor futhi zinikeza ukufinyelela okungahluziwe kuhadiwe yesistimu. Ngokungafani namaseva ajwayelekile azinikele, ezinye izimo ze-bare-metal ziyatholakala uma zifunwa futhi zikhokhiswa isikhathi esithile Abahlinzeki bamafu amakhulu, njenge-AWS, banganikela ngehadiwe eyengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amaseva avamile futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwawo namanethiwekhi amafu ayimfihlo abonakalayo, izinhlelo zokuphatha amafu nezinye izinsiza zamafu. Isibonelo, izimo ze-AWS ezingenalutho empeleni ziyimishini yensimbi-mbumbulu; zihlanganisa i-Nitro hypervisor engasindi elawula inkumbulo nokwabiwa kwe-CPU. (I-AWS ithi i-hypervisor overhead ayinalutho futhi ukusebenza kweseva akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nensimbi engenalutho emisebenzini eminingi.) Ngokufanayo, amaseva e-Oracle Cloud Infrastructure bare-metal asebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yamafu ebonakalayo futhi asebenzisa i-SmartNIC yangokwezifiso ukuze ahlukanise futhi enze inethiwekhi ibe ngokoqobo. Njengamaseva azinikezele, i-bare-metalungabelani ngezinsiza zesistimu nabanye abasebenzisi. Futhi abanalo i-overhead engeziwe kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kokubona okusidleke lapho umsebenzisi engeza isendlalelo esihlukile sokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo; isibonelo, uma iziqukathi ziqhutshwa ngaphakathi komshini we-virtual lightweight (VM). Amaseva e-Bare-metal alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukufinyelela ku-hardware yesiphakeli esibonakalayo kanye nokubala kokusebenza noma ezinelayisensi futhi ezisekelwe ezindaweni ezingokoqobo. Amaseva e-Bare-metal afinyelelwa kusetshenziswa izixhumanisi zokuphatha zesevisi yefu, okungenzeka kube isixhumi esibonakalayo sesiphequluli, isixhumi esibonakalayo somugqa womyalo noma i-REST API. Ezinye izinsiza zingase futhi zinike amandla i-Secure Shell ukufinyelela phezu kwefu eliyimfihlo lekhasimende elibonakalayo ku-serial console kumasistimu asevele enohlelo olusebenzayo olusebenzayo. Ukufakwa kwe-OS kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface noma i-Preboot Execution Environment evikelekile yokuqalisa inethiwekhi yesithombe sokufakwa. Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo ze-bare-metal cloud Kukhona kokubili izinzuzo kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nemvelo yamafu engenalutho. Kubalulekile ukuwahlola ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuwahambisa Izinzuzo Ukubikezela.Inzuzo eyodwa yengqalasizinda yamafu engenalutho ukubikezelwa kokusebenza kwezinsiza ezizinikele. Ukuphepha.Izinsiza ezinikelwe futhi zinikeza amakhasimende ukulawula kwesistimu nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ukuvumelana nezimo.Amabhizinisi angenza ngokwezifiso ifu elingenalutho ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zabo zesitaki se-OS nesofthiwe futhi baxazulule izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngama-VM angomakhelwane. Akukho mbango wezinsiza.Izindawo zamafu omphakathi zinabaqashi abaningi futhi ama-VM abelana ngamaseva aphathekayo, okungabangela ukuthi ama-VM alwele izinsiza. Amaseva azinikezele akha ifu elingenalutho lensimbi agwema umbango wensiza. I-Scalable.Ngakho, izinsiza eziningi ze-bare-metal zingakala kakhulu, kufaka phakathi amasistimu anamasokhethi angaphezu kuka-20, amakhulukhulu we-CPU cores kanye nama-terabytes enkumbulo. Lokho kubenza babe izinketho ezinhle zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zedatha kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ephezulu edinga ukubambezeleka okuphansi. Ukufinyelela okuqondile ku-hardware yesistimu.Insimbi engenalutho ivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukufinyelela ezibalini zokusebenza kwesistimu ukuthi zisebenze endaweni yamafu. Ukuvumelana nezimo ngezimali.Isitoreji nezinye izinsiza zehadiwe zihlinzekwa njengoba kudingeka futhi ngokuvamile zikhokhiswa ngokusekelwe enkathini ethile yesikhathi -- ngehora, usuku noma inyanga, okuqeda isidingo sokuhlanganisa isabelomali se-Capex. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini lapho izidingo ze-hardware zingacacile futhi okungenzeka zishintshe. Ukufinyelela kuzingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezisezingeni eliphezulu.Amakhasimende athola lokhu kufinyelela ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale kumasistimu ebhizinisi. Izinzuzo zokufuduka kwamafu.Insimbi engenalutho inika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe yokufuduka kwamafu okungasekelwe ku-VM noma ngelayisensi ekhawulelwe, esekelwe kuhadiwe. Amaphutha Ukuphatha okungeziwe.Ikhasimende kufanele lilungise zonke izingxenye zekhompuyutha futhi linesibopho sokufaka nokuphatha i-OS, i-hypervisor, isitaki sesitsha kanye nayo yonke isofthiwe. Ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza kunezingqinamba.Lezi zinkinga zingase ziphakame ngenxa yenethiwekhi nokugcinwa kwesitoreji kanye nezinkinga zokubambezeleka. Izindleko ezingeziwe.Amanye amasevisi adinga ukuqashiswa kwanyanga zonke okuholela ekukhokheleni izinsiza ezingasetshenziswa kancane ezinomthwalo oqhumayo noma ongasimeme. Futhi insimbi engenalutho ingase ibize kakhulu emisebenzini eqhubekayo, ebikezelwayo enganciphisa izindleko zeseva eminyakeni emithathu noma ngaphezulu. Izinketho ezinomkhawulo.Ngaphandle kwe-AWS ne-IBM Cloud, abathengisi abaningi banokhetho olulinganiselwe lwezinhlelo ze-bare-metal ezinokucushwa okuthile okungatholakali ezindaweni ezithile zamafu. Ubungozi bokuphepha.Abathengisi bamafu bangase benze umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu wokumisa, ukuqapha kanye namasistimu okuchibiyela ezinsongweni zokuphepha. Izinkinga zesofthiwe yefa.Isofthiwe yefa ivamise ukuba nezidingo eziqinile zokuhambisana nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha okungenzeka zingafaki ukucushwa okutholakalayo kwe-bare-metal. Isibonelo, kungathatha izinyanga ukuthi umthengisi wamafu aqinisekise izinsiza zakhe zekhompuyutha zemikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi efana ne-SAP HANA. I-Bare-metal cloud vs. nezinye izinhlobo zezinsizakalo zamafu Izinsizakalo ze-Bare-metal cloud zingenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokubuka. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezibonelo zamafu namamodeli okukhokha atholakalayo, ezinye izindlela zinganikeza ezinye zezinzuzo zensimbi engenalutho ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Amasevisi amafu ahlobene okufanele acatshangelwe lapho uhlola amaseva e-bare-metal ahlanganisa: Izimo zokubala ezivamile Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka i-AWS EC2, i-Azure Virtual Machines ne-Google Compute Engine. Afika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuthi: - inhloso jikelele - inkumbulo elungiselelwe - compute-optimized - ukugcinwa-okulungiselelwe - I-GPU-isheshisiwe - eqhumayo - engenakwenzeka Bala izenzakalo Lezi ziza ngamamodeli entengo ahlukene nokutholakala, njenge: okufunayo, okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ngokuvamile olunentengo ngehora, umzuzu noma umzuzwana; indawo noma engeneke kuqala, esebenzisa umthamo wamafu oweqile isikhathi esifushane futhi ingamiswa okwesikhashana njengembuyiselo yezaphulelo ezibalulekile; isibonelo esigodliwe, esihlinzeka ngesaphulelo senani sesibopho sonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu; abasingathi abazinikele lapho iseva yonke inikezwa ikhasimende elilodwa futhi iqoshwe ezimweni ezihlukene ze-VM. Lokhu kufana nezimo ze-bare-metal ekunikezeni ukubikezelwa kwensiza nokuvikeleka komshini ozinikele ngokunethezeka kwesenzakalo se-VM esidingeka kakhulu. Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izinsiza ze-bare-metal azifaki idiski yendawo, futhi ivolumu yebhulokhi elungiselelwe ngokuhlukile njenge-Amazon Elastic Block Store kufanele inamathiselwe. Imininingo egciniwe iwukusetshenziswa okudumile kwamaseva ensimbi engenalutho, kodwa yonke isevisi yamafu inoxhaxha lwezinsizakalo zesizindalwazi -- okuhlanganisa i-RDBMS, i-NoSQL, isitolo sekholomu yenani elingukhiye, i-caching kanye negrafu -- engasebenza futhi noma kangcono kunokufaka nokuphatha. isofthiwe yedatha yendabuko I-Bare-metal cloud vs. ingqalasizinda njengesevisi (IaaS) Izinsizakalo ze-Bare-metal ezivela kubahlinzeki bamafu abakhulu azizona ezinye izindlela zemikhiqizo ye-IaaS evamile. Kodwa, ngokuhlanganisa ama-VM angenalutho navamile kuhlelo lwawo lwenkonzo yekhompuyutha, ama-opharetha wamafu akwenza kube lula ngomthwalo osebenza ngensimbi engenalutho ukuze ufinyelele kusizindalwazi samafu, izibalo, i-AI, ukufunda ngomshini kanye nezinsiza ze-DevOps. Kubahlinzeki besevisi abancane abangenalo iphothifoliyo yesevisi ye-AWS noma i-Azure, amaseva ensimbi engenalutho angaphezulu kancane kunababungazi abazinikezele hhayi uhlobo lomnikelo wamafu. Indlela yokukhetha umhlinzeki wamafu ongenalutho-metal Izinsizakalo zamafu ze-Bare-metal zihlanganisa uhla lokusebenza nezinketho zamanani. Abanye abathengisi, njenge-Google Cloud ne-Oracle, bagxila ekucushweni okuphezulu okudizayinelwe izizindalwazi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompuyutha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Abathengisi abancane abafana ne-PhoenixNAP ne-Vultr banikela ngemishini enesizotha efanele abathuthukisi nezindawo zokusebenza zobunjiniyela. Izidingo zenhlangano yesicelo nezizathu zokukhetha amasevisi e-bare-metal cloud ngaphezu kwezimo ze-VM kufanele kube izinto ezicatshangelwayo lapho kuhlolwa amasevisi ensimbi engenalutho. Ezinye izici zifaka: Ubudlelwano obukhona nabathengisi bamafu.Izinhlangano kufanele zicabangele izinketho ezitholakala ezinkundleni zamafu esezivele zizisebenzisela eminye imisebenzi. Izici zomthwalo wokusebenza.Umthwalo womsebenzi kufanele uhlolwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi uyashintshashintsha noma uyahambisana futhi uhlala ngezikhathi ezithile noma uyaqhubeka. Lezi zakhiwo zizonquma imodeli yokukhokha eyonga kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifuneka kakhulu noma ngomzuzu, ihora noma inyanga. Ukutholakala nentengo.Hlola lezi zici zesitoreji esingeziwe, isitsha, isizindalwazi, ukufunda ngomshini, ukuphepha, ubunikazi nokuphathwa kokufinyelela kanye nezinsiza ze-DevOps. Izinhlangano eziningi akufanele zihambise umthwalo ongenalutho wensimbi efwini ngaphandle kwalapho zihlose ukufaka ezinye izingqalasizinda nezinsizakalo zohlelo lokusebenza noma zihlanganise amasistimu e-bare-metal neminye imithwalo yemisebenzi yebhizinisi ethuthelwe emafini. Ukutholakala kwabasebenzi be-IT kanye nobuchwepheshe.Amakhono abasebenzi ayadingeka ukuze kuqhutshwe izindawo zamafu nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kweseva nenethiwekhi. Amaseva e-Bare-metal cloud adinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bamise futhi bagcine ukucushwa kwesistimu nezilungiselelo zokuphepha. Izinhlangano ezingenakho okuhlangenwe nakho okudingekile ukuze zinakekele kahle iseva yefu zingase zibhekane nezingozi zokuphepha nokuthembeka lapho zikhetha amaseva e-bare-metal. *Izinsizakalo ze-Bare-metal zingenye yezinsizakalo eziningi ezinikezwa abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zamafu. Funda kabanzi mayelana * *abahlinzeki besevisi bamafu abaphezulu*