Nakuba izinzuzo eziningi zefu zivela ekhonweni lokuqhuba imithwalo yemisebenzi namasistimu okusebenza kusetshenziswa i-virtualization, ifu lensimbi elingenalutho, elisebenzisa amaseva ngaphandle kokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, lisekela inani lezimo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa. Abahlinzeki abafana ne-Amazon Web Services (AWS) kanye ne-Microsoft Azure baletha le ngqalasizinda yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zedatha, eziphakamisa ifu lensimbi elingenalutho ukuze lisekele ukuphuma ngokushesha& ukucubungula, ukusebenza okungaguquki, nokusebenza kahle okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwentengo **I-Bare metal cloud iyisevisi lapho ikhasimende liqasha khona izinsiza zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, njengeseva ezinikele, endaweni engeyona engokoqobo, kusukela kumhlinzeki wamafu noma wenkundla. Le sevisi iletha ukusebenza okuphezulu, okuvikelekile, umqashi oyedwa, inethiwekhi ehlukanisiwe ukuze ihlanganise imithwalo yemisebenzi emikhulu esikalini. I-Dgtl Infra inikeza ukubuka konke okujulile kwefu lensimbi elingenalutho, okuhlanganisa nemithelela yalo yomthwalo wemisebenzi encike ekhompyutheni nenkumbulo (amaseva), kanye nokuxhumana nokugcinwa. Ukwengeza, sibuyekeza izibonelo zabahlinzeki bamafu bensimbi abahamba phambili, njenge-Amazon Web Services (AWS) kanye ne-Microsoft Azure. **Yini i-Bare Metal Cloud I-Bare metal cloud iyisevisi lapho ikhasimende liqasha izinsiza zehadiwe, njenge- **iseva enikelwe**, inethiwekhi, nesitoreji esivela kumhlinzeki wamafu noma wenkundla. Izinsiza zehardware zihlinzekwa **ngaphandle** ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okusho ukuthi asikho isendlalelo esikhiphayo (noma i-hypervisor) phakathi kwehadiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza Ngokuphambene, izinsizakalo zekhompuyutha zamafu zendabuko ziyasekela **abasebenzisi abaningi**, umthwalo wokusebenza, namasistimu okusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokusebenzisa ukubona ukuze **ukwabelana** ngeseva ebonakalayo efanayo. Ngakho-ke, inselelo evamile ngekhompyutha yamafu **ingxabano yensiza ebangelwa ukwabelana futhi kwenzeka lapho abasebenzisi abaningi bezama ukufinyelela izinsiza ezifanayo zokubala ngomthombo owodwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, ifu lensimbi elingenalutho lisebenzisa amaseva azinikezele ukuhlukanisa izinsiza zokubala, okuvumela amandla aphelele wokucubungula weseva ebonakalayo. Ngokulandelayo, ifu lensimbi elingenalutho lixazulula izinkinga ezinjengombango wensiza. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi bangazuza ku-elasticity yomphakathi **ifu ngenkathi igcina isilawuli esiyimbudumbudu, ukuphepha, nokuqagela kwengqalasizinda **esendaweni **. **FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE **Endaweni Eya Ku-Cloud Migration â Uhambo oluya e-AWS nase-Azure** Sekukonke, ifu lensimbi elingenalutho limi kahle ngokukhethekile ukuze lilethe ukusebenza okuphezulu, okutholakalayo kakhulu, okuvikelekile, umqashi oyedwa, inethiwekhi engayodwa ukuze ihlanganise imithwalo yemisebenzi emikhulu esikalini. Isiphakamiso senani samafu ensimbi angenalutho sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngesevisi esezingeni ukuze kube lula izimo eziqondene nomthwalo womsebenzi. Isibonelo esisodwa sokuma kwe-metal cloudâÂÂs ukusetshenziswa kwe-off-the-shelf **amaseva ensimbi angenalutho athatha indawo yehadiwe ezikhethekile neziphathelene nokuphathelene **Iyini i-Bare Metal Server Iseva yensimbi engenalutho imane ingenye indlela yokubhekisela ku-a **iseva engokoqobo** eyenzelwe **okukhethekile** ukusetshenziswa komqashi oyedwa. Izibonelo zabahlinzeki beseva yensimbi engenalutho i-Fujitsu, i-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), i-NVIDIA, ne-Nutanix Amaseva ensimbi angenalutho aletha ukusebenza okuphezulu nokusekelwa komsebenzi wenethiwekhi yamafu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe ngokushesha futhi banwebe izinsiza zohlelo lokusebenza ezinezidingo zokusebenza eziphezulu. Futhi, abasebenzisi bangaphatha iseva yensimbi engenalutho ukulungiselelwa kwenethiwekhi, ukulungiselelwa kwesitoreji, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sesistimu yokusebenza. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ezihlanganisa imininingo egciniwe esezingeni eliphezulu, imidlalo yevidiyo, nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI)& imithwalo yokufunda yomshini (ML), ngokuvamile ifinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kumaseva ensimbi angenalutho Isibonelo, i-Kingsoft Cloud, umhlinzeki wesevisi yamafu e-China, usanda kugqamisa ukuthunyelwa kweseva yensimbi engenalutho yikhasimende: âÂÂSiqalise iseva yensimbi engenalutho ukuze sinikeze amasevisi engqalasizinda esebenza kahle kumakhasimende. Isibonelo, ngoDisemba, inkundla yokwabelana ngolwazi, i-Zhihu, iqedele ukuthuthela kwebhizinisi layo eliku-inthanethi efwini lethu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthunyelwa kwamaseva ensimbi angenalutho angu-1,000, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamaqoqo amakhulu e-Kubernetes e-China.â * -Yulin Wang, Isikhulu Esiphezulu& Umqondisi we-Kingsoft Cloud* Iseva Ezinikezele vs Iseva Yensimbi Engenalutho Amaseva azinikele abe khona amashumi eminyaka â *kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusingatha* â futhi cishe izoqhubeka nokuba khona amashumi eminyaka ezayo. Nakuba amaseva azinikezele kanye namaseva ensimbi angenalutho abelana ngokufana, aphinde ahluke ngezindlela eziningi Okubalulekile, kokubili amaseva azinikezele kanye namaseva ensimbi angenalutho **ungasebenzisi i-virtualization Kunalokho, banikeza amakhasimende azinikele âÂÂraw horsepowerâ ngendlela yeseva ebonakalayo, ehlinzeka umsebenzisi **ngokukhethekile** ukufinyelela kuzinsiza. Noma kunjalo, kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamaseva azinikezele namaseva ensimbi angenalutho, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokuhlinzeka, ihadiwe, nemibandela yokukhokha: Isikhathi Sokuhlinzeka:ngokomlando, amaseva azinikezele abe nezikhathi ezinde zokunikeza. Nakuba iziphakeli zensimbi ezingenalutho zingahlinzekwa emizuzwini engemingaki Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha:ngokuvamile, amaseva azinikele asebenzisa ihadiwe esezingeni eliphansi noma yesimanje. Ngokuphambene, amaseva ensimbi angenalutho asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva kakhulu, njengesizukulwane sakamuva se-Intel Xeon noma Imigomo Yokukhokha ye-AMD EPYC processors:imvamisa, amaseva azinikele asebenzisa izinkontileka futhi akhokhise ekunyusweni kwenkokhelo kwezinyanga noma iminyaka. Ngenkathi amaseva ensimbi engenalutho eshaja ngokuguquguquka okwengeziwe, ukukhuphuka kokukhokhiswa okudingekayo amahora noma izinyanga **Izinkonzo Zensimbi Ezingenalutho** Amasevisi ensimbi angenalutho emafini ahlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ye-IT edingeka kakhulu. Isibonelo sensimbi esingenalutho, njengeseva ezinikezele, iyiseva yonke eqashelwe ikhasimende ngaphandle kwe-virtualization (noma i-hypervisor) ehilelekile, evumela ukufinyelela okungakhawulelwe kwehadiwe. Ngokuphambene namaseva azinikele ajwayelekile, izehlakalo zensimbi ezingenalutho zinikezwa ngamaminithi futhi zikhokhiswe ngokwenani elithile lesikhathi, njengehora noma nyanga zonke. Izinzuzo Nezinselele Ze-Bare Metal Cloud I **izinzuzo** zefu lensimbi elingenalutho zizungeza ukufinyelela abasebenzisi abanakho kuzinsiza zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha futhi, ikakhulukazi, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza, ukulawula, ukuguquguquka, izindleko, nokuphepha.& . Nakuba **izinselele** ezihlotshaniswa nesistimu yamafu yensimbi engenalutho ziwubunzima be-IT, ukuncika kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zezinhlobo ezithile zemithwalo yomsebenzi. *Izinzuzo Zefu Le-Bare Metal* *Izinzuzo Zefu Le-Bare Metal* Ukusebenza:kuqhutshwa izinsiza zeseva ezizinikele ezinamandla amakhulu okucubungula. Futhi, insimbi engenalutho inediski engaguquki kanye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okokufaka/okuphumayo (I/O). Okokugcina, ikhwalithi enkulu yesevisi (i-QoS) ifinyelelwa ngokususa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo (ukwabelana ngezinsiza) phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaningi â okungaholela ekulawuleni umbango wensiza:ukulawula okuphelele phezu kwezingxenye zomzimba zomshini kanye isitaki sayo sesoftware. Ngakho-ke, i-CPU engokoqobo (iphrosesa), i-RAM (inkumbulo), nezinsiza zokulondoloza zingathuthukiswa ukuze kuthwale umthwalo othile womsebenzi futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izisetshenziswa zeseva ebonakalayo Ukuguquguquka:ukukala kwensiza okufunwayo (ngamaminithi) kanye nokukhokha. -amamodeli okukhokha okusetshenziswa ngakunye (okunezibopho ezincane njengehora) anikeza abasebenzisi ikhono lokuhlola imithwalo emisha yokusebenza noma ukwamukela ukukhuphuka kwethrafikhi okungazelelwe, ngaphambi kokuzibophezela emigomeni yanyanga zonke noma yonyaka Izindleko: ekuqaleni, izindleko ziphansi endaweni yamafu ensimbi engenalutho. ngoba abasebenzisi akudingeki bathenge isofthiwe ye-virtualization. Futhi, imodeli yokukhokha ye-metal cloudâÂÂs yokukhokha ngakunye kokusetshenziswa iqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhokhela kuphela izinsiza abazisebenzisayo ngempela, okunciphisa ukunikezwa ngokweqile kwengqalasizinda Ukuphepha Nokuthobela:ukwahlukaniswa ngokomzimba kwemithwalo yomsebenzi kanye nokunga- imvelo eyenziwe nge-virtual yamaseva inikeza izinzuzo zokuvikeleka nezokulawula, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezivamile zamafu abaqashile abaningi *Izinselele Ze-Bare Metal Cloud* *Izinselele Ze-Bare Metal Cloud* I-IT Complexity:njengengxenye yokuthola ukulawula izingxenye zomzimba zomshini nesitaki sesofthiwe, isibopho esithe xaxa kanye nobungcweti be-IT buyadingeka kumsebenzisi ukuze alungise izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha. futhi uphathe isistimu yokusebenza, i-hypervisor, iziqukathi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza, endaweni yefu yensimbi engenalutho Ukuncika kwe-Hardware:lapho abasebenzisi besebenzisa insimbi engenalutho, umthwalo wabo wokusebenza uncika kakhulu kuhadiwe ethile abasebenzisa kuyo. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kwenza imithwalo yemisebenzi ibe nzima ukuyihambisa, ukuyishintsha, noma ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko: imvamisa, ukubala imithwalo enzima yokusebenza kufeza ukusebenza okuphakeme kanye nokuphumelela kwezindleko kumaseva ensimbi angenalutho, kuyilapho empeleni kungabiza kakhulu ukuqhuba imithwalo eqhubekayo, ebikezelwayo. endaweni yendabuko yamafu ebonakalayo ** Abahlinzeki befu be-Metal Bare ** Abahlinzeki bamafu ensimbi angenalutho baletha amaseva aphathekayo akhethekile anokusebenza okuphezulu nokusekelwa komsebenzi wenethiwekhi yamafu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe ngokushesha futhi banwebe izinsiza zohlelo lokusebenza ezinezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu. Izibonelo zabahlinzeki bamafu bensimbi abaphezulu abangenalutho bahlanganisa abahlinzeki besevisi yamafu abakhulu kunawo wonke, okuyi-Amazon Web Services (AWS) kanye ne-Microsoft Azure. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abahlinzeki bamafu bensimbi abaphawulekayo abangenalutho yi-IBM Cloud, i-Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), i-Zenlayer, ne-OVHcloud. Ngamunye walaba bahlinzeki bamafu ensimbi angenalutho uchazwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo Ukwengeza, njengoba imakethe yefu yensimbi engenalutho ikhula ngokushesha, kunenani labahlinzeki abasha abasafufusa ngokuqhubekayo. I-Bare Metal Cloud Market Ifu lensimbi elingenalutho lamukelwa ngokushesha amabhizinisi amakhulu abeka inani eliphezulu ekusebenzeni, ukulawula, ukuguquguquka, izindleko, nokuvikeleka& ukuthobela. Kuze kube manje, izibikezelo zikhomba ukuthi imakethe yamafu yensimbi engenalutho emhlabeni wonke izofinyelela ku- $ 29 billion ngo-2029, iqopha izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lama-23% ukusuka ngo-2022 kuya ku-2029. **Iyini i-Bare Metal ku-AWS I-Amazon Web Services (AWS) inikezela ngezinsizakalo zensimbi ezingenalutho ezisebenza ku-Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud ( **I-Amazon EC2 Nge-Amazon EC2, i-M6i ne-C6i izehlakalo zensimbi ezingenalutho ziyatholakala, zinikwa amandla isizukulwane sesithathu **Intel** Amaphrosesa we-Xeon Scalable kanye nezinsiza zenkumbulo zeseva engaphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Amazon EC2 inikezela ngezimo zensimbi ezingenalutho ze-M6a ne-C6a, ezinikwa amandla isizukulwane sesithathu **AMD** amaphrosesa we-EPYC nezinsiza zenkumbulo zeseva engaphansi. Ikakhulukazi, lezi zimo zensimbi ezingenalutho ze-AWS zifaneleka kahle kule mithwalo yokusebenza elandelayo: I-M6i kanye ne-M6a Izimo:iwebhu& amaseva ohlelo lokusebenza, amaseva angemuva asekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi, ama-microservices, amaseva emidlalo yabadlali abaningi, imikhumbi ye-caching, nezindawo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza I-C6i ne-C6a Instances:izicelo ezisebenza ngekhompyutha ezifana nokucutshungulwa kwe-batch, ukuhlaziya okusabalalisiwe, ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha ephezulu (HPC), ukukhonza izikhangiso, imidlalo yabadlali abaningi ekhuphuka kakhulu, nombhalo wekhodi wevidiyo Izimo zensimbi ezingenalutho ze-Amazon EC2 zivumela amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizuza kumathuluzi okuhlaziya ukusebenza, imithwalo yemisebenzi ekhethekile edinga ukufinyelela okuqondile kwingqalasizinda yensimbi engenalutho, imithwalo yemisebenzi eyifa engasekelwe endaweni ebonakalayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhawulelwe amalayisense. Imithwalo yomsebenzi ezimweni zensimbi ezingenalutho ingahlanganiswa nezici ze-AWS Cloud, njenge-Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), i-Elastic Load Balancer (ELB), ne-Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Ukwengeza, izimo zensimbi ezingenalutho zenza kube nokwenzeka kumakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise iziqukathi ezivikelekile ezifana neziqukathi ezicacile ze-Linux **FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE **Izinkonzo Zewebhu ze-Amazon (AWS) â Izifunda Nezindawo Ezitholakalayo** I-Amazon EKS Nomaphi I-AWS yenze yatholakala i-Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) Noma kuphi ngensimbi engenalutho, enikeza abasebenzisi ukukhetha okukhulu kwengqalasizinda yokusebenzisa i-Kubernetes emagcekeni. Ngokukhethekile, i-Amazon EKS Noma kuphi ngensimbi engenalutho inika amandla amakhasimende ukuthi enze ngokuzenzakalelayo izinyathelo ukusuka ekuhlinzekeni kwezingxenyekazi zensimbi ezingenalutho ukuya ekusebenzeni kweqoqo le-Kubernetes kusetshenziswa amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile ahlanganisiwe. **Iyini i-Bare Metal e-Azure IMicrosoft Azure ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zensimbi ezingenalutho, okusho ukuthi amaseva ensimbi angenalutho asebenza ezindaweni zase-Azure ngaphandle kongqimba lwe-virtualization, ngaphansi kwegama. **Ingqalasizinda ye-BareMetal Ukuhlinzeka ngenani eliphezulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu kumgomo, i-BareMetal Infrastructure iphinde inikeze abasebenzisi ukufinyelela kwezimpande nokulawula isistimu yokusebenza (OS). **FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE **Izifunda zeMicrosoft Azure â Nezindawo Ezitholakalayo** Izimo ze-AzureâÂÂs ezinikezelwe ze-BareMetal (okungukuthi, izimo zekhompyutha) zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo: Isitoreji Esisebenza Kakhulu:sifanele isicelo (i-NFS, ISCSI, ne-Fiber Channel). Futhi, isitoreji singabiwa kuzo zonke izimo ze-BareMetal ukuze kunikwe amandla izici ezifana namaqoqo aphumayo noma amapheya okutholakala okuphezulu nge-STONITH, indlela yokubiyela kumaqoqo ekhompyutha ama-VLAN:isethi yama-LAN abonakalayo aqondene nomsebenzi othile (ama-VLAN) endaweni engayodwa. Amasevisi ensimbi angenalutho e-AzureâÂÂs azuzisa imithwalo ethile yomsebenzi edinga izakhiwo ezikhethekile, izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziqinisekisiwe, noma osayizi abakhulu kakhulu. Ngempela, le mithwalo yemisebenzi izwela kakhulu ekubambezelekeni nasekuxabaneni kwensiza, okusho ukuthi idinga ukulawula okwengeziwe kokuphathwa koshintsho nomsebenzi wokulungisa. **Abanye Abahlinzeki Befu Bensimbi Yensimbi** Ngenkathi i-AWS ne-Azure bekungabahlinzeki ababili abavelele endaweni yamafu ensimbi engenalutho, kunenqwaba yabanye abahlinzeki abathatha isabelo semakethe. Izibonelo zabanye abahlinzeki bensimbi engenalutho abadume kakhulu i-IBM Cloud, i-Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), i-Zenlayer, ne-OVHcloud: I-IBM Cloud Bare Metal Servers Amaseva e-IBM Cloud Bare Metal anikezelwe, amaseva anomqashi oyedwa asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-hypervisor, amakhasimende anokufinyelela okuphelele kwezimpande kuzo zonke izinsiza zeseva yawo. Ngokuhlanganisa okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-11 okungenzeka, amakhasimende angenza le sevisi ibe eyawo I-Oracle Bare Metal Server I-Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Amaseva e-Bare Metal asebenzisa izimo zekhompiyutha ezizinikele ukuze anikeze amakhasimende ukuhlukaniswa, ukubeka izinto ngale, nokulawula. Amaseva anganwebeka afinyelele kuma-cores angu-160 (okukhulu kunawo wonke emakethe), i-2 TB ye-RAM, kanye ne-1 PB yokugcina ibhulokhi ukuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga inani elikhulu lama-cores, usayizi obalulekile wenkumbulo, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wesivinini esikhulu. Zenlayer Bare Metal Cloud I-Zenlayer Bare Metal Cloud inikeza ukusebenza ngamaseva azinikele ngokushesha, anikeza amakhasimende amandla okulawula idatha yawo. Ukucushwa okujwayelekile kufaka kufika ku-256 GB we-RAM kanye nama-Intel Xeon Scalable processors amabili anama-cores angama-40 lilinye. Ukwengeza, kusetshenziswa i-Zenlayer Portal, amakhasimende angangeza noma asuse amaseva amaningi ngokudingekayo ukuze afeze isidingo, noma athuthe izinsiza kwenye indawo. Kuye ngezidingo eziqondile zekhasimende, bangakhetha ukukhokhiswa njalo ngehora noma nyanga zonke. I-OVHcloud Bare Metal I-OVHcloud Bare Metal ivumela amakhasimende ukuthi abambe iwebhusayithi yawo, enze ingqalasizinda eqinile, futhi enze umshini wabo uhambisane nezidingo eziqondile. Kuzo zonke izikhungo zedatha ze-OVHcloudâÂÂs, amakhasimende angasebenzisa amaseva ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-120 Lapho ikhasimende lihlanganisa amaseva alo neminye imikhiqizo ye-OVHcloud, njenge-Host Private Cloud kanye ne-Public Cloud, lingazuza ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda. **Iyini i-Bare Metal as-a-service (BMaaS Iminikelo ye-Bare metal as-a-service (BMaaS) ivumela amakhasimende ukuthi ahlinzeke ngokushesha futhi cishe amaseva aphathekayo ezikhungweni zedatha ye-colocation. Ngamanye amazwi, i-BMaaS ingacatshangwa njenge-automated colocation lapho ikhasimende lithola i-hardware ezinikele enama-API kanye ne-DevOps / orchestration evumela ukunikezwa okunamandla. **FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE **Indawo â Incazelo, Incazelo, Isikhungo Sedatha, Amasevisi** I-Equinix Metal I-Equinix, i-opharetha yesikhungo sedatha esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ibiza ukunikezwa kwayo kwe-bare metal as-a-service (BMaaS) **I-Equinix Metal Le sevisi isiza ukwenza lula ukuthunyelwa kwe-hybrid namafu amaningi kuzikhungo zedatha ye-EquinixâÂÂs ngokusebenzisa amaseva ensimbi angenalutho. **FUNDA OKWENGEZIWE **I-Equinix Metal â Iyini i-Bare Metal as-a-service Ngalo mnikelo wensimbi ongenalutho, i-Equinix ithenga amaseva aphathekayo futhi ivumela amakhasimende ayo ukuthi asebenzise izinhlelo zawo zokusebenza zamafu kulawa maseva â *kungaba ngokufunwayo (ngehora) noma ngaphansi kwezibopho zenyanga nenyanga, unyaka ongu-1, noma iminyaka emi-3*.