= Uyenza kanjani i-Virtual Private Server (VPS) ngezinyathelo ezi-5 =
Ukwenza ukweqa kusuka ekusingatheni okwabiwe uye ku-Virtual Private Server (VPS) kuwumnyakazo olula. Kodwa-ke, ukufunda ukusetha i-VPS kungaba yinto ekhohlisayo, ikakhulukazi uma ungakaze usebenzise umugqa womyalo ngaphambilini.

Landa Ishidi Eliphelele Lokukopela Imiyalo ye-Linux
Kulesi sihloko, sizohamba nawe
**uyisetha kanjani i-VPS** ngezinyathelo ezinhlanu: Ukufunda indlela yokungena ku-VPS yakho ngokufinyelela kwe-Secure Shell (SSH). Ibuyekeza iseva yakho. Ukudala umsebenzisi omusha futhi ulungise amalungelo akhe. Inika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kokhiye osesidlangalaleni. Ukusetha i-firewall ye-VPS yakho

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe, nokho, sizochaza ukuthi kungani uzodinga ukulungisa iseva yakho entsha ebonakalayo. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi ungayisetha kanjani i-VPS!
== Kungani Kufanele Ulungiselele I-VPS Yakho Entsha ==
Ngokuvamile, uma ubhalisela uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokubamba, umhlinzeki wakho uzosetha yonke isofthiwe ozoyidinga ukuyisebenzisa. Ngokusingatha okwabiwe, isibonelo, cishe uzothola ukufinyelela kuphaneli yokulawula ye-akhawunti yakho ngokushesha:
Lawa maphaneli okulawula osokhaya akunikeza zonke izinketho ozidingayo ukuze ulungiselele i-akhawunti yakho. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, ngeke uthole ithuba lokulungisa izilungiselelo zangempela zeseva yakho, ngoba abanye abantu nabo basebenzisa okufanayo. umshini

Nge-VPS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthola indawo yeseva ngokwakho. Ezimweni eziningi, umsingathi wakho uzofinyelela kuphela ekusetheni isofthiwe yeseva eyisisekelo âÃÂànjenge-Apache noma i-Nginx âÃÂànokunye. kukuwe. Ukwengeza, ungase ufune ukufaka iphaneli yokulawula efana ne-Cyberpanel ukuze uphathe kalula. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe uzodinga ukudlula ezinyathelweni ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ukuze uthole iseva yakho Â, njengokuthi:
- Ukunquma ukuthi kufanele uqale nini ukusebenzisa i-VPS

- Ukufunda indlela yokuxhuma kuyo nokukhipha imiyalo

- Ukuthola indlela yokufaka isofthiwe entsha nokwenza izibuyekezo

- Ilungiselela ama-akhawunti amasha abasebenzisi (uma kudingeka)

- Ukusetha i-firewall

Uma sikhuluma ngokukhipha imiyalo esiphakelini sakho, sibhekise kokuthile okufana nalokhu:
Ngokuvamile, uzosebenzisana ne-VPS yakho usebenzisa umugqa womyalo esikhundleni se-Graphical User Interface (GUI). Lokho kungase kusabise ekuqaleni, kodwa uzosheshe ukujwayela uma unganaki Ukuzulazula ukuze uthole imiyalo efanele nokulandela. ezinye izifundo ezilula

Wena
*ingakwazi futhi ukusetha amaphaneli okulawula ukubamba azokuvumela ukuthi uxhumane neseva yakho usebenzisa i-GUI. Kodwa-ke, ngeke sikufake lokho kulesi sihloko, njengoba ukusebenzisa umugqa womyalo kuvame ukuba umzila osebenza kahle kakhulu. Futhi, ukufunda ukusebenzisa imiyalo elula kuzokufundisa okuningi mayelana nokuphathwa kweseva, okuzofika ngokuqinisekile njengoba isayithi lakho likhula.

== Izinyathelo Ezi-5 Zokumisa I-VPS Yakho Entsha Futhi Uyilungele Ukuyisebenzisa ==
Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, iningi lamaseva ewebhu asebenza kumasistimu asuselwa ku-Unix. Lokho kusho ukuthi uzodinga ukusebenzisa imiyalo eklanyelwe lolo hlobo Lwesistimu Esebenzayo (OS), engafani naleyo onayo. sebenzisa emshinini we-Windows. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuphathwa kweseva ye-Windows, hlola lo mhlahlandlela ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe

Njengoba lokho sekuphumile endleleni, ake sikhulume ngokuthi ungayisetha kanjani i-VPS!
 Isinyathelo 1: Funda Indlela Yokungena Ku-VPS Yakho Ngokufinyelela I-Secure Shell (SSH).
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongaxhuma ngazo kuwebhusayithi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isiphequluli. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-File Transfer Protocol (FTP), ekuvumela ukuthi ulayishe, ulande, futhi uhlele amafayela kuseva yakho:
Nakuba i-FTP ingaba usizo kakhulu, umthetho olandelwayo awukuvumeli ukuthi ukhiphe imiyalo esiphakelini sakho. Ngalokho, uzodinga ukusebenzisa ukufinyelela kwe-Secure Shell (SSH), okuwuhlobo oluhlukile lwephrothokholi ekunikeza ukufinyelela kumaseva akude.

Uma usuxhume kuseva nge-SSH, uzokwazi ukuyikhipha imiyalo. I-SSH iphinde yaziwa ngokubethela kwayo okuqinile kanye nezivumelwano zokuqinisekisa, eziyenza ivikeleke kakhulu. Ngokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-SSH, uzobe uthatha izinyathelo zakho zokuqala ekuphathweni kweseva.

Uma usubhalisele uhlelo lwe-VPS, umphathi wakho wewebhu kufanele akunikeze isethi yokuqinisekisa, okuhlanganisa:
- Ikheli le-IP leseva yakho
- Igama lomsebenzisi (imvamisa
impande)
- Iphasiwedi yakho
impande
Uma ungalijwayele leli gama, i-
**izimpande noma **i-akhawunti ye-superuser ingumsebenzisi onamalungelo agcwele kanye nokufinyelela ohlelweni oluthile. Ungacabanga ngakho njengokulingana nomlawuli, kodwa ngamandla engeziwe

Uma usetha i-VPS, uzoqala ngeyodwa.
**i-akhawunti ye-root**, okuyiyona ozoyisebenzisa ukuze wenze uxhumano lwasekuqaleni. Uma usebenzisa i-OS esekelwe ku-Unix ekugcineni kwakho, ungakwazi ukuxhuma kuseva yakho ngokuqondile usuka emugqeni womyalo.

Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa i-Windows, uzodinga kuqala ukufaka iklayenti le-SSH. Siyingxenye yamaklayenti amabili ikakhulukazi, elokuqala lawo libizwa nge-Bitvise:
Uma ufuna isixhumi esibonakalayo esilula esifana nesitayela sakudala se-Windows, awukwazi ukungahambi kahle nge-Bitvise. Kodwa-ke, uzobe wenza umsebenzi wakho omningi ngaphakathi komugqa womyalo, ngakho-ke isitayela asibalulekile kangako.

Futhi singabalandeli abakhulu be-PuTTY, ene-interface encane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inikeza izinketho eziningi zokucushwa ezengeziwe, okwenza kube lula uma ufuna ngempela ukucwilisa izinzwane zakho ekuphathweni kweseva.

Kuso sonke lesi sifundo, sizobe sisebenzisa i-PuTTY ezibonelweni zethu. Unalokho engqondweni, qhubeka ufake uhlelo, bese uyalenza. Uzobona iwindi elifana naleli:
Kulesi sigaba, udinga ukufaka ikheli le-IP leseva yakho ku-
**Igama Lomsingathi (noma ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi) **inkambu, bese ushiya **Imbobo **ukusetha inani elizenzakalelayo elithi **22
 Ithiphu ye-Pro
Ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-SSH, i-port 22 iphinde isetshenziselwe ukungena okuvikelekile kanye ne-Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). Ungakwazi futhi ukushintsha imbobo ye-SSH uma uthanda

Ungase uqaphele ukuthi kukhona inketho yokukhetha ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo loxhumano ofuna ukulusebenzisa ngaphansi kwenkambu ye-IP. Khetha
**SSH, **bese ungaqhubeka uchofoze inkinobho ethi **Vula **

Iwindi lomugqa womyalo lizovuleka manje, futhi uzobona ukwaziswa kokufaka imininingwane yakho yokungena. Kulokhu, lokho kuzoba
**impande **nephasiwedi yayo ehambisanayo:
Uma idatha efakiwe ilungile, uzobona isifinyezo esifushane semininingwane yeseva yakho, kanye nomyalo wokufaka eminye imiyalo:
Lokho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sendlela yokusetha i-VPS. Ungalivali iwindi lomugqa womyalo okwamanje, njengoba sisenomsebenzi okufanele siwenze.

 Isinyathelo sesi-2: Buyekeza Iseva Yakho
Uma usungenile ku-VPS yakho, uzobona umlayezo okutshela ukuthi akhona yini amaphakheji. ÃÂ noma izibuyekezo zokuphepha ziyatholakala:
Amaphakheji empeleni ayisoftware ku-Unix-speak. Uma kuziwa kunoma iyiphi isistimu, kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugcina izingxenye zayo zisesikhathini samanje, namaseva nawo awahlukile.
Uma usebenzisa isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi, uvula iseva yakho (kanye newebhusayithi) ekubeni sengozini yokuvikeleka.Futhi, ungase uphuthelwe izici ezintsha noma ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe.Kungakho into yokuqala ozofuna ukuyenza ukubuyekeza iseva yakho. Âs amaphakheji, futhi udawunilode noma yimaphi amapheshana okuvikela alindileUkuze uqalise, thayipha okuthi**isibuyekezo esifanelekile **siyala bese ushaya okuthi **Faka Manje, iseva yakho izohlola kabili ukuthi yimaphi amaphakheji adinga ukuthuthukiswa.Uma sekuqediwe, faka **ukuthuthukisa okufanelekile okuzobuyekeza amaphakheji wesiphakeli sakho:Le nqubo ingase ithathe isikhashana, kuye ngokuthi zingaki izibuyekezo iseva yakho edinga ukuzifaka.Ngakho-ke hlala emuva, ubambe ikhofi, bese ulinda ukuthi lenziweUma wonke amaphakheji wakho esesikhathini samanje, kufanele uqhubeke futhi uqale kabusha iseva yakho usebenzisa**qalisa kabusha **umyalo.Bese, vala iwindi lomugqa womyalo.Linda iminithi noma amabili, bese ungena futhi usebenzisa i-PuTTY (noma iklayenti lakho olithandayo)Uma konke kuhambe ngokohlelo, akufanele âàNgeke kube nezinye izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo ezisohlwini.Lokho kusho ukuthi singadlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo sokufunda indlela yokumisa i-VPSIsinyathelo sesi-3: Dala Umsebenzisi Omusha Futhi Ulungise Amalungelo AkheNini usetha i-VPS, uqala ngo-**izimpande **umsebenzisi, okuyi-akhawunti obuyisebenzisa kuze kube manje.Nokho, ngokuvamile kuwumqondo omuhle ukumisa enye i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi enamalungelo omsebenzisiIsizathu salokhu ukuthi**impande **i-akhawunti ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wenzani.A **root **i-akhawunti inokufinyelela okugcwele kuzo zonke izilungiselelo zesistimu yakho, ngakho umyalo owodwa ongalungile ungadala izinkinga ezinkuluI-akhawunti yomsebenzisi evamile enamalungelo omsebenzisi omkhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, idinga ukungeza**sudo **isiqalo kunoma yimuphi umyalo efisa ukuwusebenzisa isebenzisa amalungelo okuphatha.Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuwushintsho oluncane, kodwa kwenza umehluko omkhulu.Ngale ndlela, uzodinga ukuthi ucabange kabili ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umyalo usebenzisa isiqalo se-*sudo **, esingakusiza ugweme ukungahambi kahleQhubeka futhi usethe lowo msebenzisi omusha manje ngokufaka umyalo olandelayo.Uzofuna ukufaka ingxenye yesibili esikhundleni sanoma yiliphi igama lomsebenzisi ongathanda ukulisebenzisa:* *adduser yournewusername**Bese, thayipha kulo mugqa ukuze wengeze lowo msebenzisi eqenjini elithi**sudo **, elizolinikeza amalungelo omsebenzisi omkhulu (futhi, esikhundleni sesimeli ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi elisha. ):usermod -aG sudo yournewusername**Manje, osekusele ukumisa iphasiwedi yale akhawunti.Nokho, kukhona indlela ephephe kakhulu kunokusebenzisa igama-mfihlo elivamile, okuyiyona ndlela esiyifunayo. ÃÂÃÂuzobheka okulandelayoIsinyathelo 4: Nika amandla Ukuqinisekisa Ukhiye WomphakathiUkuqinisekiswa kokhiye osesidlangalaleni kuyisu ukuthiâÃÂà Âs ngokungangabazeki ivikeleke kakhulu kunamaphasiwedi avamile.Ngale ndlela, ukhiqiza isethi yakho kokubili âÃÂÃÂpublicâÃÂàkanye ne-âÃÂà ÂprivateâÃÂàokhiyeIseva yakho izogcina ukhiye wakho wasesidlangalaleni futhi iwusebenzisele ukuqinisekisa oyimfihlo, wena kuphela ozokwazi ukufinyelela kuwo njenge ifayela kukhompuyutha yakho.Uma ususethe ukufakazela ubuqiniso kokhiye osesidlangalaleni, uzodinga kokubili ukhiye oyimfihlo kanye nomushwana wokungena ukuze ungene ngemvume, okwandisa ukuvikeleka ngokuphawulekayoUkuze ukhiqize okhiye be-SSH ku-Windows, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-PuTTYgen, oluzobe lufakiwe lapho usetha iklayenti kusenesikhathi (ukuthola imininingwane yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kumasistimu e-Linux/Unix, bheka lo mhlahlandlela).Bheka phakathi kwezinhlelo zakho bese uqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-PuTTYgen manje, okufanele lubukeke kanje:Kuhle ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo zakho ezizenzakalelayo. pair key, ngakho qhubeka futhi uchofoze ku**Khiqiza* inkinobho manje.Ukuze wenze ukhiye wakho uhluke kakhulu, uhlelo luzokucela ukuthi uhambise igundane lakho ukuze ulishintshe, okuyinto enhle kakhulu:Okulandelayo, uhlelo luzokubonisa ukhiye osesidlangalaleni olukwakhele lona. .Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini enye, qhubeka futhi usethe umushwana wokungena ohambisana nawo, ozosebenza njengephasiwedi eceleni kokhiye:Manje, qhubeka ushaye okuthi* *Gcina ukhiye oyimfihlo **inkinobho, bese ulondoloza ifayela eliwumphumela ekhompyutheni yakho.Uzodinga futhi ukukopisha ukhiye wakho osesidlangalaleni maduzane, ngakho-ke ungalivali leli windi okwamanjeBese, ngena futhi kuseva yakho usebenzisa**impande **umsebenzisi, bese udlulela kuhla lwemibhalo lwasekhaya lwe-akhawunti yakho entsha. usingsu âÃÂàyournewusername Umugqa womyalo manje usuzobonisa umsebenzisi wakho omusha:Ngemva kwalokho, uzodinga ukusebenzisa uchungechunge yemiyalo ngokulandelana kwayo, ezodala ifolda entsha yokhiye wakho osesidlangalaleni, ikhawulele leyo folda, futhi ulondoloze ukhiye wakho:mkdir ssh chmod 700 ssh nano ssh /authorized_keysLowo myalo wokugcina uzovula isihleli se-Nano, sikwenze ukwazi ukushintsha**okhiye_abagunyaziwe **kuseva yakho.Qhubeka ukopishe ukhiye wakho osesidlangalaleni manje efasiteleni le-PuTTYgen, bese unamathisele laphaUma ukhiye usulungile, cindezela okuthi**CTRL + X **ukuvala isihleli, bese ufaka u-*Y **uma sikucela ukuthi uqinisekise izinguquko zefayela.Bese, thayipha imiyalo emibili elandelayo:chmod 600 ssh/authorized_keys phumaLezo zizoshintsha izimvume zefayela osanda kulihlela, bese likubuyisele kokuthi**impande **umsebenzisi
Okulandelayo, uzodinga ukulungisa i-PuTTY ukusebenzisa ukhiye wakho oyimfihlo lapho uxhuma kuseva yakho ukuze ikwazi ukukubona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, buyela esikrinini esikhulu sohlelo lokusebenza bese uye ku-
**Uxhumano âÃÂú SSH âÃÂú Auth **isigaba. Ngaphakathi, uzothola inkambu ebizwa ngokuthi **Ifayela elingukhiye wangasese ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
Chofoza ku-
**Phequlula inkinobho ethi **, bese uthola ifayela elingukhiye oyimfihlo oligcine ekhompyutheni yakho. Ikhethe, futhi ulungele ukuhamba

Okokugcina, udinga ukutshela iseva yakho ukuthi ikhubaze indlela yokuqinisekisa ezenzakalelayo yephasiwedi kuphela yomsebenzisi omusha osanda kummisa. Ukuze wenze lokho, ngena kuseva yakho njengomsebenzisi omusha nge-SSH, bese usebenzisa lo myalo:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Lokhu kuzovula ifayela le-
**sshd_config **ifayela usebenzisa isihleli se-Nano. Bheka umugqa othi **Ukuqinisekiswa Kwephasiwedi **ngaphakathi kwalelo fayela, bese ususa uphawu oluphambi kwalo. Bese ushintsha inani layo lisuka kokuthi **Yebo ** liye ku-*Cha ukuze lifundeke kanje:
I-PasswordAuthentication no
Londoloza izinguquko kufayela, bese uqalisa kabusha iseva yakho. Ngokuzayo uma uzama ukungena ngemvume, uzokwazi ukwenza kanjalo kuphela usebenzisa ukhiye wakho wangasese kanye nomushwana wokungena.

 Isinyathelo sesi-5: Setha i-Firewall ye-VPS Yakho
Sesikhulume okuningi kuze kube manje mayelana nendlela yokumisa i-VPS. Nokho, kusenesinyathelo esisodwa sokugcina okufanele sisenze uma ufuna ukugcina iseva yakho ivikelekile. Okuwukuvula i-firewall yayo

Ungakwenza lokhu usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-iptables, olukuvumela ukuthi usethe imithetho ekhawulela ithrafikhi eya noma evela kuseva yakho. Le nqubo ibandakanyeka kancane, noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uhlole umhlahlandlela wethu ogcwele wokuthi ungawamisa kanjani ama-iptables futhi ulungiselele uhlelo kahle.

Lesi sinyathelo singase sibonakale sinzima kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ngama-Iptables, nokho, uzokwazi ukukhawulela ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezivumela ithrafikhi ukuthi ifinyelele iseva yakho. Lokhu kuzomisa ukuhlasela okuningi emikhondweni yabo. Futhi, kuyinqubo yokusetha yesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho kuyakhokha ukukwenza ngokushesha.

 Ulungele ukuqhubekela phambili?
Funda ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani igama lesizinda sakho nohlelo lwakho olusha âÃÂàIndlela Yokukhomba Isizinda ku-VPS?
Igayidi yesinyathelo nesinyathelo ekuthutheni ekubeni ngusokhaya ophethwe âÃÂàUngathutha Kanjani Iwebhusayithi Isuka Ekusingatheni Ngokwabelana iye ku-VPS?
Ungalishintsha Kanjani Igama Lomethuleli Kumaseva e-Linux
Indlela yokufaka nokusebenzisa i-Tmux ekuphatheni umsebenzi
Ungayifaka kanjani i-FFmpeg ku-Linux
Ungasifaka kanjani futhi usisebenzise kanjani isikrini se-Linux
== Isiphetho ==
Ukufunda indlela yokusetha i-VPS ngemva kokuthuthuka kusukela ekusingatheni okwabiwe kufana nokushiya ichibi lezingane ukuze ungene endaweni elingana ne-Olympic. Unegumbi eliningi nezici ongadlala ngazo, kodwa uzodinga ukuthola lokho ozokwenza ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuzijabulisa. Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi ungayimisa kanjani i-VPS yakho, usujwayelene nomugqa womyalo, okuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusetha yonke into ngendlela othanda ngayo.

Ingabe unayo imibuzo mayelana nendlela yokusetha i-VPS? Ake sikhulume ngazo esigabeni sokuphawula esingezansi!