Este é um guia passo a passo sobre como configurar o Kubernetes no Scaleway bare-metal ARM e x86-64. A principal razão pela qual estou trabalhando neste projeto é que eu queria automatizar a criação de ambientes de teste para OpenFaaS e Weave Net no ARM. Eu estava procurando uma solução barata para executar testes de integração e, depois de experimentar vários provedores de nuvem, escolhi o Scaleway. Scaleway é um provedor de nuvem francês que oferece servidores bare-metal ARM e x86-64 a preços acessíveis. Usando o provedor Terraform Scaleway junto com o kubeadm, você pode ter um cluster Kubernetes totalmente funcional em dez minutos

 Configuração inicial
Clone o repositório e instale as dependências:
$ git clone httpsgithub.com/stefanprodan/k8s-scw-baremetal.git $ cd k8s-scw-baremetal $ terraform init
Observe que você precisará do Terraform v0.10 ou mais recente para executar este projeto

Antes de executar o projeto, você terá que criar um token de acesso para o Terraform se conectar à API Scaleway. Usando o token e sua chave de acesso, crie duas variáveis ​​de ambiente:
$ export SCALEWAY_ORGANIZATIONACCESS-KEY>"$ export SCALEWAY_TOKENACCESS-TOKEN>"Uso
Crie um cluster Kubernetes bare-metal ARMv7 com um mestre e dois nós:
$ terraform workspace new arm $ terraform apply \ -var region=par1 \ -var arch=arm \ -var server_type=C1 \ -var nodes=2 \ -var weave_passwd=ChangeMe \ -var k8s_version=stable-1.9 \ -var docker_version =17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial
Isso fará o seguinte:
- reserva IPs públicos para cada servidor
- provisiona três servidores bare-metal com Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
- conecta-se ao servidor mestre via SSH e instala os pacotes Docker CE e kubeadm armhf apt
- executa o kubeadm init no servidor mestre e configura o kubectl
- baixa o arquivo de configuração kubectl admin em sua máquina local e substitui o IP privado pelo público
- cria um segredo do Kubernetes com a senha do Weave Net
- instala o Weave Net com sobreposição criptografada
- instala complementos de cluster (painel Kubernetes, servidor de métricas e Heapster)
- inicia os nós de trabalho em paralelo e instala Docker CE e kubeadm
- une os nós de trabalho no cluster usando o token kubeadm obtido do mestre
Aumente a escala aumentando o número de nós:
$ terraform apply -var nodes=3
Derrube toda a infraestrutura com:
terraform-force
Crie um cluster Kubernetes bare metal AMD64 com um mestre e um nó:
$ terraform workspace new amd64 $ terraform apply \ -var region=par1 \ -var arch=x86_64 \ -var server_type=C2S \ -var nodes=1 \ -var weave_passwd=ChangeMe \ -var k8s_version=stable-1.9 \ -var docker_version =17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial
 Controle remoto
Depois de aplicar o plano do Terraform, você verá várias variáveis ​​de saída, como o IP público principal, o comando kubeadmn join e a configuração atual do administrador do espaço de trabalho

Para correr
comandos kubectl no cluster Scaleway, você pode usar o
variável de saída kubectl_config:
Verifique se o Heapster funciona:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) top nodes NOME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY% arm-master-1 655m 16% 873Mi 45% arm-node-1 147m 3% 618Mi 32% arm-node- 2 101m 2% 584Mi 30%
o
o formato do arquivo de configuração kubectl é
.conf as in
arm.conf or
amd64.conf

In order to access the dashboard you’ll need to find its cluster IP:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ -n kube-system get svc --selector=k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.107.37.220  80/TCP 6m
Open a SSH tunnel:
ssh -L 8888::80 [email protected]
Now you can access the dashboard on your computer at
httplocalhost:8888

 Expose services outside the cluster
Since we’re running on bare-metal and Scaleway doesn’t offer a load balancer, the easiest way to expose applications outside of Kubernetes is using a NodePort service

Let’s deploy the podinfo app in the default namespace. Podinfo has a multi-arch Docker image and it will work on arm, arm64 or amd64

Create the podinfo nodeport service:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ apply -f httpsraw.githubusercontent.com/stefanprodan/k8s-podinfo/master/deploy/auto-scaling/podinfo-svc-nodeport.yaml service "podinfo-nodeport" created
Create the podinfo deployment:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ apply -f httpsraw.githubusercontent.com/stefanprodan/k8s-podinfo/master/deploy/auto-scaling/podinfo-dep.yaml deployment "podinfo" created
Inspect the podinfo service to obtain the port number:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ get svc --selector=app=podinfo NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE podinfo-nodeport NodePort 10.104.132.14  9898:31190/TCP 3m
You can access podinfo at
httpMASTER_PUBLIC_IP>:31190 or using curl:

$ curl httpterraform output k8s_master_public_ip):31190 runtime: arch: arm max_procs: "4" num_cpu: "4" num_goroutine: "12" os: linux version: go1.9.2 labels: app: podinfo pod-template-hash: "1847780700" annotations: kubernetes.io/config.seen: 2018-01-08T00:39:45.580597397Z kubernetes.io/config.source: api environment: HOME: /root HOSTNAME: podinfo-5d8ccd4c44-zrczc KUBERNETES_PORT: tcp10.96.0.1:443 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP: tcp10.96.0.1:443 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR: 10.96.0.1 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT: "443" KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO: tcp KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST: 10.96.0.1 KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT: "443" KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS: "443" PATH: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin externalIP: IPv4: 163.172.139.112
 OpenFaaS
You can deploy OpenFaaS on Kubernetes with Helm or by using the YAML files form the faas-netes repository

Clone the faas-netes repo:
git clone httpsgithub.com/openfaas/faas-netes cd faas-netes
Deploy OpenFaaS for ARM:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ apply -f ./namespaces.ymlyaml_armhf
Deploy OpenFaaS for AMD64:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ apply -f ./namespaces.ymlyaml
You can access the OpenFaaS gateway at
httpMASTER_PUBLIC_IP>:31112

 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
Starting from Kubernetes 1.9
kube-controller-manager is configured by default with
horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients

In order to use HPA we need to install the metrics server to enable the new metrics API used by HPA v2

Both Heapster and the metrics server have been deployed from Terraform
when the master node was provisioned

The metric server collects resource usage data from each node using Kubelet Summary API. Check if the metrics server is running:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes" | jq
{ "kind": "NodeMetricsList", "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1", "metadata": { "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes" }, "items": [ { "metadata": { "name": "arm-master-1", "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/arm-master-1", "creationTimestamp": "2018-01-08T15:17:09Z" }, "timestamp": "2018-01-08T15:17:00Z", "window": "1m0s", "usage": { "cpu": "384m", "memory": "935792Ki" } }, { "metadata": { "name": "arm-node-1", "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/arm-node-1", "creationTimestamp": "2018-01-08T15:17:09Z" }, "timestamp": "2018-01-08T15:17:00Z", "window": "1m0s", "usage": { "cpu": "130m", "memory": "649020Ki" } }, { "metadata": { "name": "arm-node-2", "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/arm-node-2", "creationTimestamp": "2018-01-08T15:17:09Z" }, "timestamp": "2018-01-08T15:17:00Z", "window": "1m0s", "usage": { "cpu": "120m", "memory": "614180Ki" } } ] }
Let’s define a HPA that will maintain a minimum of two replicas and will scale up to ten if the CPU average is over 80% or if the memory goes over 200Mi

apiVersion: autoscaling/v2beta1 kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler metadata: name: podinfo spec: scaleTargetRef: apiVersion: apps/v1beta1 kind: Deployment name: podinfo minReplicas: 2 maxReplicas: 10 metrics: - type: Resource resource: name: cpu targetAverageUtilization: 80 - type: Resource resource: name: memory targetAverageValue: 200Mi

Apply the podinfo HPA:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) \ apply -f httpsraw.githubusercontent.com/stefanprodan/k8s-podinfo/master/deploy/auto-scaling/podinfo-hpa.yaml horizontalpodautoscaler "podinfo" created
After a couple of seconds the HPA controller will contact the metrics server and will fetch the CPU and memory usage:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) get hpa NAME REFERENCE TARGETS MINPODS MAXPODS REPLICAS AGE podinfo Deployment/podinfo 2826240 / 200Mi, 15% / 80% 2 10 2 5m
In order to increase the CPU usage we could run a load test with hey:
#install hey go get -u github.com/rakyll/hey #do 10K requests rate limited at 20 QPS hey -n 10000 -q 10 -c 5 httpterraform output k8s_master_public_ip):31190
You can monitor the autoscaler events with:
$ kubectl --kubeconfig terraform output kubectl_config) describe hpa Events: Type Reason Age From MessageNormal SuccessfulRescale 7m horizontal-pod-autoscaler New size: 4; reason: cpu resource utilization (percentage of request) above target Normal SuccessfulRescale 3m horizontal-pod-autoscaler New size: 8; reason: cpu resource utilization (percentage of request) above target
After the load tests finishes the autoscaler will remove replicas until the deployment reaches the initial replica count:
Events: Type Reason Age From MessageNormal SuccessfulRescale 20m horizontal-pod-autoscaler New size: 4; reason: cpu resource utilization (percentage of request) above target Normal SuccessfulRescale 16m horizontal-pod-autoscaler New size: 8; reason: cpu resource utilization (percentage of request) above target Normal SuccessfulRescale 12m horizontal-pod-autoscaler New size: 10; reason: cpu resource utilization (percentage of request) above target Normal SuccessfulRescale 6m horizontal-pod-autoscaler New size: 2; reason: All metrics below target
 Conclusions
Thanks to kubeadm and Terraform, bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster on bare-metal can be done with a single command and it takes just ten minutes to have a fully functional setup. If you have any suggestion on improving this guide please submit an issue or PR on GitHub at stefanprodan/k8s-scw-baremetal. Contributions are more than welcome!