Montreal - Wikipedia

= Montreal = **Montreal** mÃÂÃÂ( lalela) *UMUN-sihlahla-AWL*; ngokusemthethweni **MontrÃÂÃÂ©al French: [isidlo] ( lalela)) iyidolobha lesibili elinabantu abaningi eCanada kanye nedolobha elinabantu abaningi esifundazweni saseCanada iQuebec. Yasungulwa ngo-1642 njenge *I-Ville-Marie*, noma "Idolobha LikaMariya", [14] iqanjwe ngeMount Royal, [15] igquma eliphakeme kathathu lapho kwakhiwe khona idolobha lokuqala lase-Ville-Marie. [16] Idolobha ligxile esiQhingini saseMontreal, elathola igama lalo emsuka ofanayo nedolobha, [17] [18] kanye neziqhingi ezimbalwa ezincane kakhulu eziseduze, ezinkulu kunazo zonke okuyi-ÃÂÃ Âle Bizard. Idolobha liyi-196 km (122 mi) empumalanga yenhloko-dolobha yezwe i-Ottawa, kanye nama-258 km (160 mi) eningizimu-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe, iQuebec City. Kusukela ngo-2021, leli dolobha lalinabantu abayi-1,762,949. [19] kanye nenani labantu basemadolobheni amakhulu angu-4,291,732, [20] okulenza libe idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu, kanye nendawo yedolobha elikhulu lesibili ngobukhulu eCanada. IsiFulentshi siwulimi olusemthethweni lwedolobha. [21] [22] Ngo-2021, kwakukhulunywa ekhaya ngama-59.1% abantu kanye nama-69.2% eMontreal Census Metropolitan Area. [11] Sekukonke, u-85.7% wabantu basedolobheni laseMontreal babezibheka njengabasikhuluma kahle isiFulentshi kuyilapho u-90.2% bekwazi ukusikhuluma endaweni yedolobha elikhulu. [23] [24] IMontreal ingelinye lamadolobha anezilimi ezimbili eQuebec naseCanada, elinama-58.5% abantu abakwazi ukukhuluma isiNgisi nesiFulentshi. [25] Ngokomlando inhloko-dolobha yezohwebo yaseCanada, iMontreal yadlulwa ngesibalo sabantu namandla ezomnotho yiToronto ngeminyaka yawo-1970. [26] Ihlala iyisikhungo esibalulekile sezohwebo, i-aerospace, ezokuthutha, ezezimali, ezemithi, ubuchwepheshe, ukuklama, imfundo, ubuciko, isiko, ezokuvakasha, ukudla, imfashini, ukuthuthukiswa kwemidlalo yevidiyo, ifilimu, kanye nezindaba zomhlaba. I-Montreal iyindawo yekomkhulu le-International Civil Aviation Organisation, futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi iDolobha Lokuklama le-UNESCO ngonyaka ka-2006. Iyunithi ku-Global Liveability Ranking yayo yaminyaka yonke, [29] nakuba yehle yafinyelela ku-40 ohlwini lwango-2021, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yengcindezi ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluvela kumqedazwe we-COVID-19. [30] Ihlala ibalwa njengedolobha eliyishumi elihamba phambili emhlabeni ukuba umfundi wasenyuvesi kuQS World University Rankings. [31] I-Montreal isingathe izingqungquthela nemicimbi eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa i-1967 International and Universal Exposition kanye ne-1976 Summer Olympics. [32] [33] Yilona kuphela idolobha laseCanada elike labamba ama-Olympics asehlobo. Ngo-2018, iMontreal yabalwa njengedolobha lomhlaba wonke. [34] Idolobha liphethe i-Canadian Grand Prix ye-Formula One; [35] iMontreal International Jazz Festival, [36] i-jazz festival enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni; [37] ifestivali ethi Just for Laughs, ifestivali yamahlaya enkulukazi emhlabeni; [38] kanye ne-Les Francos de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al, ifestivali yomculo yolimi lwesi-French enkulukazi emhlabeni. [39] Kuphinde kube yikhaya leMontreal Canadiens yeNational Hockey League, enqobe iStanley Cup izikhathi eziningi ukwedlula noma yiliphi elinye iqembu. == I-Etymology namagama okuqala[hlela] == Ngolimi lwesi-Ojibwe, izwe libizwa ngokuthi *Mooniyaang* [40] okwaba "indawo yokuqala yokuma"endabeni yokufudukela e-Ojibwe njengoba kulandiswe esiprofethweni semililo eyisikhombisa Ngolimi lwesiMohawk, izwe libizwa ngokuthi *TiohtiÃÂÃÂ ÃÂªÃÂÃÂke*. [41] [42] [43] [44] ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂTiohtiÃÂÃÂ Â isifinyezo segama elithi ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂTeionihtiohtiÃÃÂ¡ÃªÃÂÃÂkonÃÂÃÂÂ, okuhumusha ngokukhululekile njengokuthi ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂlapho iqembu lihlukene/lihlukana ngezindlela.ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ [43] [45] Izifiki zaseFrance ezivela eLa FlÃÃ¨che esigodini saseLoire zaqala ukuqamba idolobha labo elisha, elasungulwa ngo-1642, *I-Ville Marie* ("Idolobha likaMariya [14] eliqanjwe ngeNcasakazi uMariya. [46] Igama layo lamanje livela eNtabeni Yasebukhosini, [15] igquma eliphakeme kathathu enkabeni yedolobha. Ngokombono owodwa, i Igama lisuselwa ku-*mont RÃÂÃÂ©al*, ( *Mont Royal* ngesiFulentshi sesimanje, nakuba ngesiFulentshi sekhulu le-16 kwasetshenziswa amafomu okuthi *rÃÂÃÂ©al* kanye ne-*royal* ngokushintshana); Ukufakwa kwedayari kaCartier's 1535, eqamba intaba, kubhekisele ku *le mont Royal*. I-Â©al, [48] engxenyeni ekhuluma isi-Occitan yaseFrance. Igama eliphezulu elithi *MontrÃÂÃÂ©al* kanye nefomethi yalo *RÃÂÃÂ©almont*, ukuhumusha okuqondile kwe-Occitan yesi-French *i-mont royal* (noma i-royal mont ivamile eningizimu yeFrance. Okunye okungenzeka, okuphawulwe nguhulumeni waseCanada kusizindalwazi sakhe mayelana namagama ezindawo zaseCanada, kuqagela ukuthi igama njengoba lilotshwe njengamanje laqala lapho ibalazwe lokuqala lika-1556 lisebenzisa Igama lesiNtaliyane lentaba, *Monte Real*; [49] i-Commission de toponymie du QuÃÃÂ©bec iwuchithile lo mbono njengombono oyiphutha. [47] == Umlando[hlela] == Oxhumana naye wangaphambi kweYurophu[hlela] Ubufakazi bemivubukulo esifundeni bubonisa ukuthi abantu bomdabu base-First Nations bathatha isiqhingi saseMontreal eminyakeni engu-4,000 edlule. [50] Ngonyaka ka-AD 1000, base beqalile ukulima ummbila. Phakathi neminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa, base bakhe imizana enezivikelo eziqinile. [51] I-Saint Lawrence Iroquoians, iqembu elihlukene ngokobuhlanga nangokwesiko elivela ezizweni zase-Iroquois e *Haudenosaunee* (ngaleso sikhathi eyayizinze eNew York yanamuhla), yasungula idolobhana laseHochelaga ezansi kweMount Royal emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngaphambi kwamaFulentshi. wafika. Abavubukuli baye bathola ubufakazi bokuthi bahlala lapho nakwezinye izindawo kulesi sigodi kusukela okungenani ngekhulu le-14. [52] Umhloli wamazwe ongumFulentshi u-Jacques Cartier wavakashela e-*Hochelaga* ngo-Okthoba 2, 1535, futhi walinganisela inani labantu bomdabu e-Hochelaga "ukuba "ngaphezu kwenkulungwane yabantu". [52] Ubufakazi bokuhlala kwasekuqaleni kwesiqhingi, njengalokho okwambulwa ngo-1642 ngesikhathi kwakhiwa iFort Ville-Marie, bususwe ngempumelelo. Ukuhlala kwasekuqaleni kweYurophu (1600ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ1760)[hlela] Ngo-1603, umhloli wamazwe ongumFulentshi uSamuel de Champlain wabika ukuthi ama-St Lawrence Iroquoians kanye nezindawo zabo zokuhlala kwase kunyamalale ngokuphelele esigodini saseSt Lawrence. Lokhu kukholakala ukuthi kungenxa yokuphuma kwabantu kwamanye amazwe, ubhadane lwezifo zaseYurophu, noma izimpi zezizwe [52] [53] Ngo-1611, u-Champlain wasungula indawo yokuhweba ngoboya e-Island of Montreal endaweni eyayiqanjwe ngokuthi *La Place Royale*. Lapho kuhlangana khona *i-Petite Rivière* kanye ne-St. Lawrence River, kulapho kumi khona i-PointeCalliÃÂÃÂ¨re yanamuhla. [54] Ebalazweni lakhe lango-1616, u-Champlain waqamba isiqhingi ngokuthi i-Lille de Villemenon ehlonipha u-sieur de Villemenon, isicukuthwane saseFrance esasifuna i-viceroy of New France. [55] Ngo-1639, u-JÃÃÂ©rÃÃÂ'me Le Royer de La DauversiÃÃ¨re wathola isihloko seSeigneurial esiqhingini saseMontreal egameni I-NotreSociety yaseMontreal ukusungula umkhankaso wamaRoma Katolika wokuvangela abomdabu U-Dauversiere waqasha u-Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, owayeneminyaka engu-30 ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthi ahole iqembu lamakholoni ukuze akhe umkhankaso endaweni yakhe entsha yokuzamazama komhlaba. Amakholoni asuka eFrance ngo-1641 aya eQuebec futhi afika esiqhingini ngonyaka olandelayo. NgoMeyi 17, 1642, iVille-Marie yasungulwa ogwini oluseningizimu yesiqhingi saseMontreal, iMaisonneuve yaba umbusi wayo wokuqala. Le ndawo yayihlanganisa isonto nesibhedlela ngaphansi komyalo kaJeanne Mance [56] Ngo-1643, u-Ville-Marie wayesengene ngaphansi kokuhlasela kwe-Iroquois. Ngo-1652, i-Maisonneuve yabuyela eFrance ukuze ikhulise amavolontiya ayi-100 ukuqinisa inani lamakholoni. Uma umzamo wehlulekile, iMontreal yayizoshiywa futhi abasindile baphinde bafakwa ezansi nomfula eQuebec City. Ngaphambi kokuba laba abayi-100 bafike ekwindla ka-1653, inani labantu baseMontreal lalingenabantu abangama-50. Ngo-1685, iVille-Marie yayiyikhaya labakhi bamakoloni abangaba ngu-600, iningi labo lihlala ezindlini zamapulangwe ezingatheni. I-Ville-Marie yaba isikhungo sokuhweba ngoboya kanye nesizinda sokuhlola okwengeziwe [56] Ngo-1689, i-Iroquois ehlangene namaNgisi yahlasela i-Lachine esiqhingini saseMontreal, yenza ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi emlandweni waseNew France.[57] Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, i-Sulpian Order yasungulwa lapho.Ukukhuthaza ukuhlala kwama-French, ibifuna i-Mohawk isuke endaweni yokuhweba ngoboya e-Ville-Marie.Yayinedolobhana lemishini, elaziwa nge-Kahnewake, eningizimu yoMfula i-St Lawrence.Obaba banxenxa amanye ama-Mohawk ukuthi akhe indawo entsha yokuhlala ezindaweni zawo zangaphambili zokuzingela enyakatho yoMfula i-Ottawa.Lokhu kube yi-Kanesatake.[58] Ngo-1745, imindeni embalwa yama-Mohawk yathuthela phezulu nomfula ukuze yakhe enye indawo yokuhlala, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Akwesasne.Bobathathu manje sebeyiziqiwi ze-Mohawk e-Canada.Indawo yaseCanada yabuswa njengekoloni laseFrance kwaze kwaba ngu-1760, lapho iMontreal iwela ekuhlaselweni yiBrithani phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Eyisikhombisa.Ikoloni labe selinikezela ku-Great Britain.[59]I-Ville-Marie kwakuyigama lesivumelwano esavela kuyo yonke imibhalo esemthethweni kwaze kwaba ngu-1705, lapho i-Montreal ivela okokuqala, nakuba abantu babebhekisela "esiqhingini saseMontreal"isikhathi eside. ngaphambi kwalokho[60]Umsebenzi waseMelika (1775ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ1776)[hlela]Njengengxenye ye-American Revolution, ukuhlasela kweQuebec kwaphumela ngemva kokuba uBenedict Arnold ethumba iFort Ticonderoga endaweni yanamuhla esenyakatho yeNew York ngoMeyi 1775 njengendawo yokuqala yokuhlasela kuka-Arnold eQuebec ngoSepthemba.Ngenkathi u-Arnold esondela eThafeni lika-Abraham, iMontreal yawela emabuthweni aseMelika ayeholwa uRichard Montgomery ngoNovemba 13, 1775, ngemva kokuba ishiywe uGuy Carleton.Ngemva kokuthi u-Arnold ehoxile eQuebec City waya ePointe-aux-Trembles ngoNovemba 19, amabutho aseMontgomery asuka eMontreal ngoDisemba 1 futhi afika lapho ngoDisemba 3 ukuze ahlele ukuhlasela iQuebec City, uMontgomery eshiya uDavid Wooster ephethe idolobha.U-Montgomery ubesehlaselweni elihlulekile futhi u-Arnold, owayethathe umyalo, wathumela uBrigadier General Moses Hazen ukuthi atshele uWooster ngokuhlulwaUWooster washiya uHazen ephethe ngoMashi 20, 1776, njengoba eshiye esikhundleni sika-Arnold ekuholeni okunye ukuhlasela eQuebec City.Ngo-Ephreli 19, u-Arnold wafika e-Montreal ezothatha izintambo ku-Hazen, owasala engowesibili esikhundleni sakhe.U-Hazen uthumele uColonel Timothy Bedel ukuthi akhe ibutho lamadoda angu-390 eliqhele ngamamayela angu-40 ukuya phezulu endaweni yamasosha e-Les CÃÃ¨dres, Quebec, ukuze avikele iMontreal ebuthweni laseBrithani.Empini Yemisedari, ummeli ka-Bedel uButterfield wazinikela kuGeorge ForsterForster wadlulela eFort Senneville ngoMeyi 23.NgoMeyi 24, u-Arnold wayesegxilile Isifunda saseMontreal saseLachine.U-Forster uqale wasondela ku-Lachine, wabe esebuyela e-Quinze-ChÃÂÃÂªnes.Amasosha ka-Arnold abe eseshiya uLachine ukuze ajahe uForster.AbaseMelika bashisa iSenneville ngoMeyi 26.Ngemva kokuthi u-Arnold ewele uMfula i-Ottawa ejahe uForster, izibhamu zikaForster zaxosha amabutho ka-Arnold.U-Forster uxoxisane ngokushintshana kweziboshwa no-Henry Sherburne no-Butterfield, okwaholela ekugibeni kwesikebhe ngoMeyi 27 kwesekela labo uLieutenant Park kwabuyiselwa kwabaseMelika.U-Arnold noForster baxoxisana ngokuqhubekayo futhi iziboshwa ezengeziwe zaseMelika zabuyiselwa ku-Arnold eSainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, eQuebec, ("Fort Anne") ngoMeyi 30 (ibambezeleke izinsuku ezimbili ngumoya)U-Arnold wagcina ehoxise amabutho akhe wabuyela enqabeni yaseNew York yase-Ticonderoga ehlobo.NgoJuni 15, isithunywa sika-Arnold esasiza eSorel sabona u-Carleton ebuya noxhaxha lwemikhumbi futhi samazisa.Amasosha ka-Arnold ayishiya iMontreal (ezama ukuyishisa ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inqubo) ngaphambi kokufika kukaJuni 17 kwemikhumbi yeCarletonAmaMelika awazange abuyise iziboshwa zaseBrithani ngokwenana, njengangaphambili. wavuma, ngenxa yezinsolo zokuhlukumeza, neCongress ichitha isivumelwano embhikishweni kaGeorge Washington.U-Arnold usole uColonel Timothy Bedel ngokuhlulwa, wamsusa yena kanye noLieutenant Butterfield esikhulwini wabathumela eSorel enkantolo yezempi.Ukuhoxa kwebutho laseMelika kwabambezeleka enkantolo yabo yezempi kwaze kwaba ngu-August 1, 1776, lapho balahlwa khona icala futhi bakhishwa imali e-Ticonderoga.U-Bedel wanikwa ikhomishana entsha yiCongress ngo-Okthoba 1777 ngemva kokuba u-Arnold abelwe ukuvikela iRhode Island ngoJulayi 1777. Umlando wesimanje njengedolobha (1832ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂpresent)[hlela] IMontreal yahlanganiswa njengedolobha ngo-1832 [61] Ukuvulwa kweLachine Canal kuvumele imikhumbi ukuthi idlule iLachine Rapids engafinyeleleki, [62] ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kweVictoria Bridge kusungula iMontreal njengendawo enkulu yesitimela. Abaholi bomphakathi wamabhizinisi waseMontreal base beqale ukwakha amakhaya abo eGolden Square Mile kusukela cishe ngo-1850. Ngo-1860, kwakungumasipala omkhulu kunawo wonke eBritish North America kanye nesikhungo esingaphikiswa sezomnotho namasiko saseCanada. [63] [64] Ngekhulu le-19, ukugcina amanzi okuphuza eMontreal kwaba nzima ngokwanda kwenani labantu. Amanzi amaningi okuphuza abesaphuma ethekwini lakuleli dolobha ebelimatasatasa futhi lishushumbiswa kakhulu nokuholele ekutheni amanzi abe ngokonakala ngaphakathi. Maphakathi nawo-1840, iDolobha laseMontreal lafaka uhlelo lwamanzi olwaluzompompa amanzi asuka eSt. Lawrence nasemathangeni. Amathangi ayebe esethuthwa ayiswe endaweni efunwayo. Lolu kwakungelona uhlelo lwamanzi lokuqala lohlobo lwayo eMontreal, njengoba bekukhona oluyimfihlo kusukela ngo-1801. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kwenziwa "ama-fontainiers". Imithombo yayivula futhi ivale ama-valve amanzi ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, njengoba kuyalelwe, kulo lonke idolobha. Njengoba bengenazo izinhlelo zamapayipi zamapayipi zesimanje kwakungenakwenzeka ukuxhuma zonke izakhiwo ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi kwasebenza njengendlela yokulondoloza. Kodwa-ke, inani labantu lalingakaqedi ukukhuphuka ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ likhuphuke lisuka ku-58,000 ngo-1852 laya ku-267,000 ngo-1901. [65] [66] [67] IMontreal yayiyinhloko-dolobha yesiFundazwe saseCanada kusukela ngo-1844 kuya ku-1849, kodwa yalahlekelwa isikhundla sayo lapho isixuku samaTory sishisa isakhiwo sePhalamende siphikisana nokuphasiswa koMthethosivivinywa Wokuhlubuka. [68] Ngemva kwalokho, inhloko-dolobha yazungeza phakathi kweQuebec City neToronto kwaze kwaba ngowe-1857, iNdlovukazi uVictoria yasungula i-Ottawa njengenhloko-dolobha ngenxa yezizathu zamasu. Izizathu zazikabili. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi yayitholakala maphakathi neSifundazwe SaseCanada, kwakungelula ukuthi ihlaselwe e-United States. Okwesibili, futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi yayisemngceleni ophakathi kwe-French ne-English Canada, i-Ottawa yabonakala njengesivumelwano phakathi kweMontreal, i-Toronto, i-Kingston ne-Quebec City, zonke ezazilwela ukuba inhloko-dolobha esemthethweni yesizwe esisha. I-Ottawa yagcina isikhundla njengenhloko-dolobha yaseCanada ngenkathi iSifundazwe saseCanada sijoyina iNova Scotia neNew Brunswick ukwakha iDominion of Canada ngo-1867. Kwamiswa ikamu labavalelwe e-Immigration Hall eMontreal kusukela ngo-August 1914 kuya ku-November 1918. [69] Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, inhlangano evimbelayo e-United States yaholela eMontreal ekubeni indawo yabantu baseMelika abafuna utshwala. [70] Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwahlala kuphezulu edolobheni futhi kwabhebhetheka Ukuphahlazeka Kwemakethe Yamasheya ka-1929 kanye Nokucindezeleka Okukhulu. [71] Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iMeya uCamillien Houde yabhikishela ukubuthwa futhi yanxusa abaseMontrealers ukuthi bangalaleli ukubhaliswa kukahulumeni wobumbano kwabo bonke abesilisa nabesifazane. [72] Uhulumeni wobumbano, ingxenye yamabutho Ahlangene, wathukuthela ngenxa yokuma kukaHoude futhi wamvalela ekamu leziboshwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1944. . (Bheka Inhlekelele Yokubhaliswa Kwango-1944.) [72] IMontreal yayiyindawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yomndeni wasebukhosini baseLuxembourg ekudingisweni phakathi neMpi Yezwe II [74] Ngo-1951, inani labantu baseMontreal lase lidlule isigidi [75] Nokho, ukukhula kweToronto kwase kuqalile ukubekela inselele isimo seMontreal njengenhloko-dolobha yezomnotho yaseCanada. Ngempela, inani lamasheya ahweba e-Toronto Stock Exchange lase lidlule lelo elalihwetshwa eMontreal Stock Exchange ngeminyaka yawo-1940. [76] I-Saint Lawrence Seaway yavulwa ngo-1959, ivumela imikhumbi ukuthi idlule eMontreal. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ntuthuko yaholela ekupheleni kokubusa komnotho wedolobha njengoba amabhizinisi ethuthela kwezinye izindawo. [77] Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1960, kwaba nokukhula okuqhubekayo njengoba izakhiwo ezinde kakhulu zaseCanada, imigwaqo emisha kanye nesistimu yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba eyaziwa ngokuthi iMontreal Metro kwaqedwa ngalesi sikhathi. I-Montreal iphinde yabamba uMbukiso Womhlaba ka-1967, owaziwa kangcono nge-Expo67 Iminyaka yawo-1970 yangenisa inkathi yezinguquko ezibanzi kwezenhlalo nezombusazwe, ezisukela kakhulu ekukhathazekeni kweningi elikhuluma isiFulentshi mayelana nokongiwa kwamasiko nolimi lwalo, uma kubhekwa ukubusa ngokwesiko kwedlanzana lamaNgisi aseCanada emkhakheni webhizinisi. [78] Inhlekelele ka-Okthoba kanye nokhetho lwango-1976 lweParti QuÃÃÂ©bÃÃÂ©cois, olwasekela isikhundla sobukhosi baseQuebec, kwaholela ekuphumeni kwamabhizinisi amaningi kanye nabantu edolobheni. . [79] Ngo-1976, iMontreal isingathe ama-Olympics asehlobo. Nakuba umcimbi ulethe ukuhlonishwa nokunakwa kwedolobha ngamazwe, i-Olympic Stadium eyakhelwe umcimbi yaholela esikweletini esikhulu sedolobha. [80] Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, iMontreal yaba nezinga eliphansi lokukhula komnotho kunamanye amadolobha amaningi amakhulu aseCanada. IMontreal yayiyindawo okwabulawa kuyo isibhicongo sango-1989 eCole Polytechnique, esinye sezigameko zokudubula eCanada, lapho uMarc LÃÂÃÂ, 25, wadutshulwa khona kanye nabantu abangu-14, bonke abesifazane. , futhi walimala abanye abantu abangu-14 ngaphambi kokuthi azidubule e-ÃÂÃÂcole Polytechnique I-Montreal yahlanganiswa nomasipala abangu-27 abazungezile e-Island of Montreal ngoJanuwari 1, 2002, kwakha idolobha elihlangene elihlanganisa sonke isiqhingi. Kube nokuphikiswa okukhulu ukusuka ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuya ekuhlanganisweni, nombono wokuthi kwaphoqeleka ezindaweni eziningi zamaNgisi yiParti QuÃÂÃÂ©bÃÂÃÂ©cois. Njengoba bekulindelekile, lesi sinyathelo asizange sithandeke futhi ukuhlangana okuningana kwahoxiswa kamuva. Omasipala abambalwa bangaphambili, abalinganiselwa ku-13% wabantu bakulesi siqhingi, bavotela ukushiya idolobha elihlangene ezinhlolokhono ezehlukene ngoJuni 2004. Ukuhlehliswa kwemihlangano kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 1, 2006, kwashiya omasipala abangu-15 esiqhingini, kuhlanganise neMontreal. Omasipala abancishisiwe basalokhu besebenzisana nedolobha ngokusebenzisa umkhandlu oyinhlanganisela oqoqa izintela kubo ukuze bakhokhele izinsiza eziningi ezabiwe. [81] Ukuhlanganiswa kuka-2002 kwakungekona okokuqala emlandweni wedolobha. IMontreal yathatha amanye amadolobha, amadolobhana namadolobhana angama-27 kwaqala ngo-Hochelaga ngo-1883, okokugcina ngaphambi kuka-2002 kwaba yiPointe-aux-Trembles ngo-1982. Ikhulu lama-21 lilethe ukuvuselelwa komnotho wedolobha namasiko. Ukwakhiwa kwamabhilidi amasha okuhlala, izibhedlela ezimbili ezinkulu (iCentre hospitaler de l'UniversitÃÂÃÂ© de MontrÃÃÂ©al kanye neMcGill University Health Centre), ukwakhiwa kweQuartier des Spectacles. , ukwakhiwa kabusha koMehlukanondlela iTurcot, ukumiswa kabusha komehlukanondlela i-Decarie neDorval, ukwakhiwa kwe-RÃÃÂ©seau ÃÃÂ©lectrique mÃÃÂ©tropolitain, gentrification of Griffintown , izandiso zomzila wesitimela ohamba ngaphansi komhlaba nokuthengwa kwezimoto ezintsha ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukuvuselelwa okuphelele nokunwetshwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza iTrudeau International Airport, ukuqedwa kweQuebec Autoroute 30, ukwakhiwa kabusha kweChamplain Bridge nokwakhiwa kwebhuloho elisha eliya eLaval kusiza iMontreal iqhubeke == IJografi[hlela] == IMontreal iseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe saseQuebec. Idolobha limboza iningi lesiqhingi saseMontreal lapho kuhlangana khona iSaint Lawrence kanye ne-Ottawa Rivers. Itheku laseMontreal lisekupheleni kweSaint Lawrence Seaway, isango lomfula elisuka eGreat Lakes liya e-Atlantic. [82] IMontreal ichazwa ngendawo ekuyo phakathi komfula iSaint Lawrence eningizimu yawo kanye neRiviÃÂÃÂ¨re des Prairies enyakatho yayo.Idolobha liqanjwe ngegama lendawo evelele kakhulu esiqhingini, igquma elinezinhloko ezintathu elibizwa ngokuthi iMount Royal, ephakeme ngamamitha angama-232 (761 ft) ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.[83]I-Montreal imaphakathi ne-Montreal Metropolitan Community, futhi izungezwe idolobha laseLaval enyakatho; iLongueuil, iSaint-Lambert, iBrossard, nabanye omasipala abaseningizimu; I-Repentigny empumalanga kanye nomasipala baseWest Island ngasentshonalanga.I-anglophone enclave yase-Westmount, Montreal West, Hampstead, CÃÃÂte Saint-Luc, Idolobha lase-Mount Royal kanye ne-francophone enclave i-Montreal East zonke zizungezwe yi-Montreal[84]Isimo Sezulu[hlela]I-Montreal ihlukaniswa njengesimo sezulu sezwekazi esifudumele ehlobo (i-KÃÂÃÂ¶ppen ngezigaba zesimo sezulu: Dfb)[85] [86]Ihlobo liyashisa ukuya kokushisa futhi kunomswakama ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sansuku zonke esingu-26 kuya ku-27 ÃÂÃÂ°C (79 kuya ku-81 Ã ÂÃÂ°F) ngoJulayi; amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-30 ÃÃÂ°C (86 ÃÂÃÂ°F) ajwayelekile.Ngokuphambene, izindawo ezibandayo zingaletha isimo sezulu esibandayo, esomile nesinomoya ekuqaleni nakamuva kwehloboUbusika buletha amakhaza, iqhwa, umoya, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, nesimo sezulu esibandayo , ngesilinganiso sansuku zonke esisuka ku-ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ10.5 kuya ku-ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ9 ÃÂÃÂ°C (13.1 kuya ku-15.8 ÃÂ ÃÂ°F) ngoJanuwari.Nokho, ezinye izinsuku zasebusika zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamaqhwa, okuvumela imvula ngesilinganiso sezinsuku ezi-4 ngoMasingana noFebruwari ngalunye.Ngokuvamile, iqhwa elimboze enye noma yonke inhlabathi engenalutho lihlala ngokwesilinganiso kusukela ngesonto lokuqala noma lesibili likaDisemba kuze kube isonto lokugcina likaMashi[87] Nakuba izinga lokushisa lomoya lingenzi awe ngaphansi ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ30 ÃÃÂ°C (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ22 ÃÃÂ°F) njalo ngonyaka , [88] ukubanda komoya kuvame ukwenza izinga lokushisa lizizwe liphansi ngale ndlela esikhumbeni esisobalaIntwasahlobo nekwindla kuthambile ngokujabulisayo kodwa kujwayele ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa; intwasahlobo ngisho nangaphezu kwekwindla[89] Amagagasi okushisa esizini yakamuva kanye "nehlobo laseNdiya"ayenzeka.Iziphepho zeqhwa zesizini yasekuqaleni nezakamuva zingenzeka ngoNovemba nangoMashi, futhi kuyaqabukela ngo-Ephreli.I-Montreal ngokuvamile ayinalo iqhwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.Nokho, iqhwa lingawa ekuqaleni kwamaphakathi no-Okthoba kanye nasekuqaleni kwamaphakathi no-May ezikhathini ezingavamileIzinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ezincwadini ze-Environment Canada lalingu-ÃÂ¢Ã ÂÃÂ37.8 ÃÂÃÂ°C (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ36 ÃÂÃÂ°F) ngoJanuwari 15, 1957, nokuphezulu kakhulu izinga lokushisa lalingu-37.6 ÃÂÃÂ°C (99.7 ÃÂÃÂ°F) ngo-Agasti 1, 1975, kokubili e-Dorval International Airport[90]Ngaphambi kokugcinwa kwerekhodi lesimo sezulu sesimanje (okuhlehlela emuva ku-1871 kwaMcGill),[91] izinga lokushisa elincane elicishe libe ngamadigri angu-5 ngaphansi laqoshwa ngo-7 a.m. ngoJanuwari 10, 1859, lapho labhaliswa khona e-Ã Â¢ÃÂÃÂ42 ÃÃÂ°C (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ44 ÃÂÃÂ°F).[92]Imvula yaminyaka yonke icishe ibe ngu-1,000 mm (39 in), okuhlanganisa isilinganiso esingaba ngu-210 cm (83 in) sokuwa kweqhwa, okwenzeka kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi.Ukuduma kwezulu kuvame enkathini eqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla; ngaphezu kwalokho, izivunguvungu zasezindaweni ezishisayo noma izinsalela zazo zingabangela izimvula ezinamandla kanye neziphepho.I-Montreal yenza isilinganiso samahora angu-2,050 okukhanya kwelanga njalo ngonyaka, kanti ihlobo kuyisizini enelanga kakhulu, nakuba limanzi kancane kunezinye ngokuya ngezulu elipheleleÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuduma kwezulu[93]|Idatha yesimo sezulu yase-Montreal (MontrÃÂÃÂ©alÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂTrudeau International Airport)|I-ID ye-WMO: 71627; ihlanganisa 45ÃÂÃÂ°28ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ²N 73ÃÃÂ°45ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ²W / 45.467ÃNÂ 73.750ÃÂÃÂ°W; ukuphakama: 36 m (118 ft); 1981-2010 normals, extremes 1941ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂpresent|Month||Jan||Feb||Mar||Apr||May||Jun||Jul||Aug ||Sep||Oct||Nov||Dec||Unyaka||Rekhoda i-humidex ephezulu||13.5||14.7||28.0||33.8||40.9||45.0||45.8||46.8||42.8||33.5||24.6||18.1||46.8||Rekhoda phezulu ÃÂÃÂ°C (ÃÂÃÂ°F13.9| (57.0) |15.0 | (59.0) |25.8 | (78.4) |30.0 | (86.0) |36.6 | (97.9) |35.0 | (95.0) |35.6 | (96.1) |37.6 | (99.7) |33.5 | (92.3) |28.3 | (82.9) |21.7 | (71.1) |18.0 | (64.4) |37.6| (99.7) |Isilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-ÃÂÃÂ°C (ÃÂÃÂ°F5.3 | (22.5) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ3.2 | (26.2) |2.5 | (36.5) |11.6 | (52.9) |18.9 | (66.0) |23.9 | (75.0) |26.3 | (79.3) |25.3 | (77.5) |20.6 | (69.1) |13.0 | (55.4) |5.9 | (42.6) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ1.4 | (29.5) |11.5| (52.7) |Isilinganiso sansuku zonke ÃÂÃÂ°C (ÃÂÃÂ°F9.7 | (14.5) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ7.7 | (18.1) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ2 | (28) |6.4 | (43.5) |13.4 | (56.1) |18.6 | (65.5) |21.2 | (70.2) |20.1 | (68.2) |15.5 | (59.9) |8.5 | (47.3) |2.1 | (35.8) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ5.4 | (22.3) |6.8| (44.2) |Isilinganiso esiphansi ÃÂÃÂ°C (ÃÂÃÂ°F14.0 | (6.8) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ12.2 | (10.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ6.5 | (20.3) |1.2 | (34.2) |7.9 | (46.2) |13.2 | (55.8) |16.1 | (61.0) |14.8 | (58.6) |10.3 | (50.5) |3.9 | (39.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ1.7 | (28.9) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ9.3 | (15.3) |2.0| (35.6) |Rekhoda ngaphansi ÃÂÃÂ°C (ÃÂÃÂ°F37.8 | (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ36.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ33.9 | (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ29.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ29.4 | (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ20.9) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ15.0 | (5.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ4.4 | (24.1) |0.0 | (32.0) |6.1 |(43.0) |3.3 | (37.9) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ2.2 | (28.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ7.2 | (19.0) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ19.4 | (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ2.9) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ32.4 | (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ26.3) |ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ37.8| (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ36.0) |Rekhoda umoya opholile opholile49.146.042.926.39.9||0.0||0.0||0.04.810.930.746.049.1| |Isilinganiso semvula mm (amayintshi77.2 | (3.04) |62.7 | (2.47) |69.1 | (2.72) |82.2 | (3.24) |81.2 | (3.20) |87.0 | (3.43) |89.3 | (3.52) |94.1 | (3.70) |83.1 | (3.27) |91.3 | (3.59) |96.4 | (3.80) |86.8 | (3.42) |1,000.3| (39.38) |Isilinganiso semvula mm (amayintshi27.3 | (1.07) |20.9 | (0.82) |29.7 | (1.17) |67.7 | (2.67) |81.2 | (3.20) |87.0 | (3.43) |89.3 | (3.52) |94.1 | (3.70) |83.1 | (3.27) |89.1 | (3.51) |76.7 | (3.02) |38.8 | (1.53) |784.9| (30.90) |Isilinganiso sokuwa kweqhwa cm (amayintshi49.5 | (19.5) |41.2 | (16.2) |36.2 | (14.3) |12.9 | (5.1) |0.0 | (0.0) |0.0 | (0.0) |0.0 | (0.0) |0.0 | (0.0) |0.0 | (0.0) |1.8 | (0.7) |19.0 | (7.5) |48.9 | (19.3) |209.5| (82.5) |Izinsuku zemvula ezimaphakathi (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ¥ 0.2 mm16.7||13.7||13.6||12.9||13.6||13.3||12.3||11.6||11.1||13.3|| 14.8||16.3||163.3| |Isilinganiso sezinsuku zemvula (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ¥ 0.2 mm4.2||4.0||6.9||11.6||13.6||13.3||12.3||11.6||11.1||13.0|| 11.7||5.9||119.1| |Isilinganiso sezinsuku ezineqhwa (ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ¥ 0.2 cm15.3||12.1||9.1||3.2||0.07||0.0||0.0||0.0||0.0||0.72|| 5.4||13.0||58.9| |Isilinganiso somswakama ohlobene (ku-150068.1||63.4||58.3||51.9||51.4||55.3||56.1||56.8||59.7||62.0||68.0||71.4||60.2| |Amahora okukhanya kwelanga anyanga zonke||101.2||127.8||164.3||178.3||228.9||240.3||271.5||246.3||182.2||143.5||83.6||83.6||2,051.3| |Amaphesenti angaba khona okukhanya kwelanga||35.7||43.7||44.6||44.0||49.6||51.3||57.3||56.3||48.3||42.2||29.2||30.7||44.4| |Isilinganiso senkomba ye-ultraviolet||1||2||3||5||6||7||7||7||5||3||1||1||4| |Umthombo: Imvelo Nokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu e-Canada|[94] [95] [96] kanye ne-Atlas Yesimo Sezulu [97] == Izakhiwo[hlela] == Iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu nesigamu, iMontreal yayiyisikhungo sezimboni nezezimali eCanada [98] Leli fa lishiye izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ezihlanganisa amafekthri, amakheshi, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izigayo, nezindawo zokuhluza, namuhla ezinikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngomlando wedolobha, ikakhulukazi endaweni ephakathi nedolobha kanye nendawo yeTheku Elidala. KunamaSayithi Omlando Kazwelonke angama-50 waseCanada, ngaphezu kwanoma yiliphi elinye idolobha. [99] Ezinye zezakhiwo zokuqala zedolobha ezisamile zisukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Yize iningi lihlangene endaweni yase-Old Montreal, njengeSulpician Seminary eseduze ne-NotreBasilica eyaqala ngo-1687, kanye ne-ChÃÃÂ¢teau Ramezay, eyakhiwa ngo-1705, izibonelo zezakhiwo zakudala zamakholoni zigcwele yonke indawo. Idolobha. Itholakala e-Lachine, i-Le Ber-Le Moyne House iyisakhiwo esidala esiphelele edolobheni, esakhiwe phakathi kuka-1669 no-1671. E-Point St. Charles izivakashi zingabona i-Maison Saint-Gabriel, engalandelela umlando wayo emuva ngo-1698. [100] Kunezakhiwo eziningi zomlando e-Old Montreal ngesimo sazo sokuqala: I-Notreof Montreal Basilica, i-Bonsecours Market, kanye nekomkhulu lekhulu le-19 lawo wonke amabhange amakhulu aseCanada ku-St. James Street ( IsiFulentshi: Rue Saint Jacques). Izakhiwo zokuqala zaseMontreal zibonakala ngethonya lazo elihlukile lesiFulentshi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamatshe ampunga I-Saint Joseph's Oratory, eyaqedwa ngo-1967, i-Ernest Cormier's Art Deco UniversitÃÃÂ© de MontrÃÃÂ©al, isakhiwo esiyingqophamlando sehhovisi le-Place Ville Marie, i-Olympic Stadium enengxabano nezakhiwo ezizungezile. kodwa izibonelo ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo zezakhiwo zedolobha zekhulu lama-20. Ama-Pavilions aklanyelwe i-1967 International and Universal Exposition, edume ngokuthi i-Expo 67, afaka inhlobonhlobo yemiklamo yezakhiwo. Nakuba amapheshana amaningi ayeyizakhiwo zesikhashana, amaningana aseyizimpawu zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa i-Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome U.S. Pavilion, manje eyiMontreal Biosphere, kanye nefulethi likaMoshe Safdie elishaya iHabitat 67. I-Montreal Metro inomsebenzi wobuciko womphakathi ngamanye amagama amakhulu esikweni laseQuebec Ngo-2006 iMontreal yaqanjwa ngokuthi iDolobha Lokuklama le-UNESCO, okungenye yezinhloko-dolobha ezintathu kuphela zomhlaba (ezinye ziyiBerlin neBuenos Aires) [27] Lesi sihloko esigqamile siyawubona umphakathi wokuklama waseMontreal. Kusukela ngo-2005 leli dolobha beliyikhaya le-International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda); [101] I-International Design Alliance (IDA). [102] I-Underground City (ngokusemthethweni i-RESO) iyindawo ebalulekile eheha izivakashi. Kuyiqoqo lezindawo zokuthenga ezixhumene (zombili ngenhla nangaphansi komhlaba). Le nethiwekhi ehlaba umxhwele ixhuma izindlela zabahamba ngezinyawo eziya emanyuvesi, kanye namahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokudlela, iziteshi ezingaphansi komhlaba nokunye, phakathi nendawo eseduze nedolobha elinemigudu engu-32 km (20 mi) engaphezu kuka-12 km. 2 (4.6 sq mi) yengxenye enabantu abaningi e-Montreal == Omakhelwane[hlela] == Idolobha lakhiwe amadolobha amakhulu ayi-19, ahlukaniswe ngomakhelwane [103] Amadolobha yilawa: I-CÃÃ′te-des-NeigesÃÂ¢ÃÂÃNotre-Dame-de-Grace, i-Plateau Mount Royal, i-Outremont ne-Ville Marie phakathi nendawo; I-MercierÃÂ¢ÃÃHochelaga-Maisonneuve, RosemontÃÂ¢ÃÂÃLa Petite-Patrie and VilleryÃ¢ÃÂÃSaint-Michelâ ¢ÃÂÃÂParc-Extension empumalanga; I-Anjou, MontrÃÂÃÂ©al-Nord, RiviÃÃ¨re-des-PrairiesÃ¢ÃÂÃPointe-aux-Trembles ne-Saint-Leonard enyakatho-mpumalanga ; I-Ahuntsic-Cartierville, L'èle-BizardÃ¢ÃÃSainte-Geneviève, Pierrefonds-Roxboro ne-Saint-Laurent enyakatho-ntshonalanga. ; kanye neLachine, iLaSalle, iSouth West neVerdun eningizimu Eziningi zalezi zindawo bekungamadolobha azimele aphoqeleka ukuthi ahlanganiswe neMontreal ngoJanuwari 2002 kulandela ukuhlelwa kabusha kukamasipala waseMontreal ngo-2002. Indawo enezindawo eziningi ezingomakhelwane yi-Ville Marie, ehlanganisa idolobha, isifunda somlando sase-Old Montreal, i-Chinatown, iVillage, i-Latin Quarter, i-Quartier international gentrified kanye ne-Cité MultimÃÃÂ© dia kanye neQuartier des Spectacles esathuthukiswayo.Ezinye izindawo ezithakaselwayo kulesi sigodi zifaka indawo ecebile ye-Golden Square Mile engaphansi kwe-Mount Royal kanye neShaughnessy Village/Concordia U okuyikhaya lezinkulungwane zabafundi base-Concordia University.Isifunda sihlanganisa iningi le-Mount Royal Park, i-Saint Helen's Island, ne-Notre-Dame IslandIsifunda sase-Plateau Mount Royal bekuyisigaba sabasebenzi indawo.Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke i-Plateau (okungafanele kudidaniswe nesifunda sonke), esibhekene nokuthuthukiswa okukhulu,[104] kanye nocwaningo lwango-2001 luyithathe njengokudala kakhulu e-Canada. endaweni ngoba amaciko ahlanganisa u-8% wabasebenzi bakhona.[105] Indawo yase-Mile End engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobha ibiyindawo enamasiko amaningi edolobha, futhi inezindawo ezimbili ezaziwayo zamabheji e-Montreal, i-St-Viateur Bagel kanye ne-Fairmount Bagel. .IMcGillis engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yedolobha, igama layo lisuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi iyikhaya lezinkulungwane zabafundi baseMcGill University namalungu obuhlakaniIsifunda saseNingizimu Ntshonalanga sasiyikhaya lezimboni eziningi zedolobha ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kuya maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.Lesi sifunda sasihlanganisa i-Goose Village futhi ngokomlando yayiyikhaya lezindawo ezihlala abantu base-Ireland abavamile ukusebenza e-Griffintown nase-Point Saint Charles kanye nezindawo ezihola kancane zase-Saint Henri nase-Little BurgundyEzinye izindawo zokuhlala eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa izindawo ezinamasiko amaningi e-Notre-Dame-de-GrÃÃÂ¢ce kanye ne-CÃÂÃ´te-des-Neiges e-CÃÂ I-´te-des-NeigesÃÂ¢ÃÃi-Notre-Dame-de-Grace, kanye ne-Little Italy endaweni yase-RosemontÃÂ¢ÃÂÃLa I-Petite-Patrie no-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, ikhaya le-Olympic Stadium endaweni yase-MercierÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂHochelaga-Maisonneuve|NNeighbourhoods|| Indawo|(Ikhilomitha eliyisikwele)|Isibalo sabantu (2016)|[106]|Ukuminyana|izakhamuzi/ Ikhilomitha eliyisikwele|Irenti emaphakathi|inyanga)[107]|1||Ahuntsic-Cartierville||24,2||134,245||5,547.3||1,167||2||Anjou||13,7||42,796||3,123.8||1,151||3||CÃÂÃ′te-des-NeigesÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂNotre-Dame-de-GrÃÂÂ¢ce ||21,4||166,520||7,781.3||1,300||4||Lachine||17,7||44,489||2,513.5||1,078||5||LaSalle||16,3||76,853||4,714.9||1,283||6||Le Plateau-Mont-Royal||8,1||104,000||12,839.5||1,437||7||Le Sud-Ouest||15,7||78,151||4,977.8||1,526||8||L'ÃÂÃÂle-BizardÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂSainte-GeneviÃÂÃÂ¨ve||23, 6||18,413||780.2||1,639||9||MercierÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂHochelaga-Maisonneuve||25,4||136,024||5,355.3||1,164||10||MontrÃÂÃÂ©al-Nord||11,1||84,234||7,588.6||1,002||11||Outremont||3,9||23,954||6,142.1||1,690||12||Pierrefonds-Roxboro||27,1||69,297||2,557.1||1,303||13||RiviÃÂÃÂ¨re-des-PrairiesÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂPointe-aux-Trembles||42,3||106,743|| 2,523.5||1,195||14||RosemontÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂLa Petite-Patrie||15,9||139,590||8,779.2||1,287||15||Saint-Laurent||42,8||98,828||2,309.1||1,325||16||Saint-LÃÂÃÂ©onard||13,5||78,305||5,800.0||1,262||17||Verdun||9,7||69,229||7,137.0||1,384||18||Ville-Marie||16,5||89,170||5,404.2||1,613||19||VilleryÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂSaint-MichelÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂParc-Extension||16,5||143,853|| 8,718.4||1,197|IYONKE 365,2 1,704,694 4,667.8I-Old Montreal[hlela]I-Old Montreal iyindawo yomlando eseningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobha equkethe izinto eziningi ezikhangayo njenge-Old Port of I-Montreal, i-Place Jacques-Cartier, i-Montreal City Hall, i-Bonsecours Market, i-Place d'Armes, i-PointeCallière Museum, i-Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica, ne-Montreal Isikhungo SesayensiImigwaqo yezakhiwo kanye ne-cobbled e-Old Montreal iye yagcinwa noma yabuyiselwa.I-Old Montreal ifinyeleleka kusukela enkabeni yedolobha ngedolobha elingaphansi komhlaba futhi ihlinzekwa imizila yamabhasi e-STM eminingana neziteshi zeMetro, izikebhe eziya eSouth Shore kanye nenethiwekhi yezindlela zamabhayisikili#Indawo eseceleni komfula eseduze ne-Old Montreal yaziwa ngokuthi i-Old Port.Ichweba Elidala laliyindawo Yechweba LaseMontreal, kodwa imisebenzi yalo yokuthutha ithuthelwe endaweni enkudlwana ezansi nomfula, okushiya indawo yangaphambili njengendawo yokuzijabulisa neyomlando enakekelwa yi-Parks Canada.Ichweba elisha laseMontreal liyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Canada kanye netheku elikhulu kunawo wonke eliphakathi nezwe Emhlabeni[108]Mount Royal[hlela]Intaba iyindawo yeMount Royal Park, enye yezindawo ezinkulu eziluhlaza zaseMontreal.Ipaki, iningi lazo elinokhuni, laklanywa uFrederick Law Olmsted, naye owaklama iCentral Park yaseNew York, futhi yavulwa ngo-1876[109]Leli paki liqukethe ama-belvederes amabili, agqame kakhulu okuyi-Kondiaronk Belvedere, indawo eyi-semicircular plaza ene-chalet ebheke eDowntown Montreal.Ezinye izici zaleli paki i-Beaver Lake, ichibi elincane elenziwe ngumuntu, i-ski slope emfushane, ingadi ebaziwe, i-Smith House, isikhungo sokuhumusha, kanye netshe lesikhumbuzo elaziwayo lika-Sir George-ÃÂ Âtienne Cartier.Ipaki isingatha imicimbi yezokusubatha, izivakashi kanye namasikoLe ntaba iyikhaya lamathuna amakhulu amabili, i-Notre-Dame-des-Neiges (yasungulwa ngo-1854) kanye ne-Mount Royal (1852) ).I-Mount Royal Cemetery iyindawo yamathuna engamahektare angu-165 (67 ha) emthambekeni osenyakatho we-Mount Royal endaweni yase-Outremont.Amathuna e-Notredes Neiges makhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ama-French-Canadian futhi amaKhatholika ngokusemthethweni[110] Bangaphezu kuka-900,000 abantu abangcwatshwe lapho.[111] I-Mount Royal Cemetery iqukethe abangaphezu kuka-162,000 futhi iyindawo yokugcina yabantu baseCanada abaphawulekayo. Kuhlanganisa nesigaba somakadebona enamasosha amaningana ahlonishwe ngendondo yezempi ephezulu kakhulu yoMbuso WaseBrithani, iVictoria Cross. Ngo-1901, i-Mount Royal Cemetery Company yasungula indawo yokuqala yokushisa izidumbu eCanada [112] Isiphambano sokuqala entabeni sabekwa lapho ngo-1643 nguPaul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, umsunguli wedolobha, egcwalisa isifungo asenza kuMariya uMariya lapho ethandaza kuye ukuba avimbe isikhukhula esibi. [109] Namuhla, intaba ithweswe umqhele wesiphambano esikhanyisiwe esingu-31.4 m-high (103 ft), esafakwa ngo-1924 yi-John the Baptist Society futhi manje esiphethwe yidolobha. [109] Yaguqulwa yaba ukukhanya kwe-fiber optic ngo-1992. [109] Uhlelo olusha lungashintsha izibani zibe bomvu, zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma zibe nsomi, okokugcina okusetshenziswe njengophawu lokulila phakathi kokufa kukaPapa nokhetho. kokulandelayo. [113] == Izibalo zabantu[hlela] == |Unyaka||Pop |1871||141,276 |1891||271,35292.1%| |1911||533,34196.5%| |1931||959,19879.8%| |1951||1,247,64730.1%| |1971||1,765,55341.5%| |1991||1,553,35612.0%| |2011||1,649,5196.2%| |2016||1,704,6943.3%| |2021||1,762,9493.4%| |Kusekelwe emikhawulweni yamanje yedolobha| Umthombo: [114] [115] [116] Ku-Census of Population yango-2021 okwenziwa yiStatistics Canada, iMontrÃÃÂ©al yayinabantu abangu-1,762,949 abahlala ezindaweni ezingama-816,338 zezindawo zayo zokuhlala ezizimele ezingama-878,542, ushintsho lwama-3.4% ukusuka kubantu bayo bango-2016, abangama-61,942. Inendawo engu-364.74 km 2 (140.83 sq mi), ibinokuminyana kwabantu okungu-4,833.4/km 2 (12,518.6/sq mi) ngo-2021. [117] Ngokusho kweStatistics Canada, ekubalweni kwabantu eCanada ngo-2016 idolobha lalinabantu abayi-1,704,694. [118] Isamba esingu-4,098,927 sasihlala eMontreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) ngesikhathi esifanayo sokubalwa kwabantu ngo-2016, sisuka ku-3,934,078 ekubalwa kwabantu ngo-2011 (ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-CMA ka-2011), okuwukukhula kwesibalo sabantu sisuka ku-2011% sisuka ku-2019. [119] Ngo-2015, inani labantu base-Greater Montreal lalilinganiselwa ku-4,060,700. [120] [121] Ngokusho kwe-StatsCan, ngo-2030, i-Greater Montreal Area kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nenombolo ye-5,275,000 kanye ne-1,722,000 ebonakalayo. [122] Ekubalwa kwabantu kwango-2016, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala (691,345) zakha u-16.9%, kuyilapho izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 ubudala (671,690) zibalelwa ku-16.4% yenani labantu be-CMA. [119] Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe[hlela] Abantu bezizwe zaseYurophu bakha iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke lamaqembu ezizwe. Izizwe ezinkulu zaseYurophu ezibikiwe ngokubalwa kwabantu kuka-2006 kwakuyi-French 23%, amaNtaliyane 10%, Irish 5%, English 4%, Scottish 3%, kanye Spanish 2% [123] Abanye abantu abangu-26% baseMontreal kanye no-16.5% baseGreater Montreal, bangamalungu eqembu elibonakalayo elincane (elingemhlophe), [124] lisuka ku-5.2% ngo-1981. [125] Okubonakalayo kuhlanganisa u-34.2% wabantu ku-census yango-2016. Abahlanu ababonakala kakhulu ngabantu abamnyama baseCanada (10.3 Arab Canadians (7.3 Latin Americas (4.1 South Asian Canadian (3.3 and Chinese Canadians (3.3%). [126] Okubonakalayo kuchazwa yiCanada Employment Equity Act ngokuthi "abantu, ngaphandle kwaboMdabu, abangemhlophe ngebala". [127] Mayelana nolimi lwebele (olufundwa ngolimi lokuqala), ukubalwa kwabantu kuka-2006 kubike ukuthi eGreater Montreal Area, ama-66.5% akhuluma isiFulentshi njengolimi lokuqala, alandelwa isiNgisi ngo-13.2%, kuyilapho u-0.8% ekhuluma kokubili njengolimi lokuqala. [128] Ama-22.5% asele abahlali bendawo yaseMontreal angama-allophone, izilimi ezikhulumayo ezihlanganisa isiNtaliyane (3.5 Arabic (3.1 Spanish (2.6 Creole (1.3 Chinese (1.2 Greek (1.2 Portuguese) (0.8 Berber language) (0.8 Romanian (0.7 Vietnamese (0.7 nesi-Vietnamese) IsiRashiya (0.7 [128] Mayelana nezilimi ezengeziwe ezikhulunywayo, isici esiyingqayizivele saseMontreal phakathi kwamadolobha aseCanada, esiphawulwe ngabakwaStatistics Canada, wulwazi olusebenzayo lwesiFulentshi nesiNgisi olutholwa iningi lezakhamuzi zakhona. [129] |I-Canada Census Mother Language ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Montreal, Quebec|[130] |Census||Isamba| IsiFulentshi IsiNgisi IsiFulentshi nesiNgisi Okunye |Year||Responses||Count||Trend||Pop Count||Trend||Pop Count||Trend||Pop Count||Trend||Pop %| 2021 1,741,260 |818,225| |46.99225,920| |12.9735,195| |2.02571,625| |32.82% | 2016 1,680,910 |833,280| |49.57208,140| |12.3820,705| |1.27559,035| |33.25%| 2011 1,627,945 |818,970| |50.3206,210| |12.6717,430| |1.07536,560| | 32.30% | 2006 1,593,725 |834,520| |52.36200,000| |12.512,055| |0.75547,150| |34.33% | 2001 1,608,024 |873,564| |54.32206,025| |12.8116,807| |1.04484,165| |30.1%| 1996 1,569,437 |855,780||n/a||54.53215,100||n/a||13.714,740||n/a||0.94425,725||n/a||27.12%| Ukufuduka[hlela] |Izifiki ngezwe lokuzalwa (I-2016 Census131] |Izinga||Izwe||Inani labantu| |1||Haiti||49,145| |2||Algeria||39,340| |3||Italy||36,455| |4||France||35,390| |5||Morocco||33,665| |6||China||26,630| |7||Lebanon||17,265| |8||Philippines||16,970| |9||Vietnam||16,665| |10||Romania||11,545| Inkolo[hlela] IGreater Montreal Area igcwele ubuKatolika; nokho, inani lababekhona masonto onke eQuebec laliphakathi kwabaphansi kakhulu eCanada ngo-1998 [133] Ngokomlando iMontreal ibiyisikhungo senkolo yobuKatolika eNyakatho Melika enamaseminari namasonto ayo amaningi, okuhlanganisa iNotre-Dame Basilica, iCathÃÂÃÂ©drale Marie-Reine-du-Monde, kanye neSaint Joseph's Oratory. Cishe u-65.8% wabantu bonke bangamaKristu, [132] kakhulukazi amaRoma Katolika (52.8 ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenzalo yezifiki zakuqala zamaFulentshi, kanye nabanye bomdabu wase-Italy kanye no-Irish. AmaProthestani ahlanganisa i-Anglican Church eCanada, i-United Church of Canada, iLuthela, ngenxa yokufika kwabantu baseBrithani nabaseJalimane, namanye amahlelo abalelwa ku-5.90%, kanti amanye angama-3.7% ahlanganisa iningi lamaKristu obu-Orthodox, egqugquzelwa inani elikhulu lamaGreki. Kukhona nenani lezifunda zaseRussia nase-Ukraine Orthodox Inkolo yamaSulumane iyiqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke elingewona amaKrestu, elinamalungu ayi-154,540, [134] inani lesibili ngobukhulu lamaSulumane eCanada ngo-9.6%. Umphakathi wamaJuda eMontreal unabantu abangama-90,780. [135] Emadolobheni afana ne-CÃÃ′te Saint-Luc kanye ne-Hampstead, abantu abangamaJuda bakha iningi, noma ingxenye enkulu yabantu. Muva nje ngo-1971 umphakathi wamaJuda eGreater Montreal wawuphakeme ufinyelela ku-109 480. [136] Ukungaqiniseki kwezombangazwe nezomnotho kwenze abaningi bashiya iMontreal kanye nesifundazwe saseQuebec. [137] == Umnotho[hlela] == I-Montreal inomnotho wesibili ngobukhulu emadolobheni aseCanada asekelwe ku-GDP [138] futhi enkulu kunazo zonke eQuebec. Ngo-2014, i-Metropolitan Montreal yayinesibopho sokukhokhela i-CA$118.7 billion ye-Quebec's CA$340.7 billion GDP. [139] Idolobha namuhla liyisikhungo esibalulekile sezohwebo, ezezimali, izimboni, ubuchwepheshe, isiko, izindaba zomhlaba futhi liyikomkhulu leMontreal Exchange. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, leli dolobha lalibonakala libuthaka kakhulu kunelaseToronto namanye amadolobha amakhulu aseCanada, kodwa muva nje liye lathola imvuselelo. [140] Izimboni zihlanganisa i-aerospace, impahla ye-elekthronikhi, imithi, izimpahla eziphrintiwe, ubunjiniyela besofthiwe, ezokuxhumana, ukukhiqiza izindwangu nezingubo, ugwayi, amakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, nezokuthutha. Umkhakha wezinsizakalo nawo unamandla futhi uhlanganisa ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, bemishini nezinqubo, ezezimali, imfundo ephakeme, kanye nocwaningo nentuthuko. Ngo-2002, iMontreal yaba isikhungo sesine ngobukhulu eNyakatho Melika ngokwemisebenzi ye-aerospace. [141] Ichweba laseMontreal lingelinye lamachweba amakhulu amaphakathi nezwe emhlabeni eliphatha amathani ayizigidi ezingama-26 wempahla minyaka yonke. [142] Njengelinye lamachweba abaluleke kakhulu eCanada, lihlala liyindawo yokuthutha okusanhlamvu, ushukela, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, imishini, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Ngalesi sizathu, iMontreal iyisizinda sesitimela saseCanada futhi ibilokhu iyidolobha lezitimela elibaluleke kakhulu; iyikhaya lendlunkulu yeCanadian National Railway, [143] futhi yayiyikhaya lendlunkulu yeCanadian Pacific Railway kuze kube ngu-1995. [144] Indlunkulu ye-Canadian Space Agency iseLongueuil, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMontreal [145] I-Montreal futhi isingatha ikomkhulu le-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO, indikimba yeZizwe Ezihlangene); [146] I-World Anti-Doping Agency (umzimba wama-Olympic); [147] i-Airports Council International (inhlangano yezikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ ACI World); [148] I-International Air Transport Association (IATA), [149] IATA Operational Safety Audit kanye ne-International and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce (IGLCC), [150] kanye nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe emikhakheni eyahlukene. IMontreal iyisikhungo sokukhiqiza amafilimu nethelevishini. Indlunkulu ye-Alliance Films kanye nezitudiyo ezinhlanu zomkhiqizi wamadokhumentari owine i-Academy Award National Film Board yaseCanada akuleli dolobha, kanye namahhovisi amakhulu e-Telefilm Canada, isikhungo sikazwelonke esixhasa ngezimali ifilimu nethelevishini kanye ne-TÃÂ ÃÂ©lÃÂÃÂ©vision de Radio-Canada. Njengoba inikezwe ukwakheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nokutholakala okubanzi kwezinsizakalo zefilimu namalungu eqembu, iMontreal iyindawo edumile yokuqopha amafilimu anobude besici, futhi kwesinye isikhathi imele izindawo zaseYurophu. [151] [152] Idolobhakazi futhi liyikhaya lemikhosi eminingi eyaziwayo yamasiko, amafilimu nomculo (Just For Laughs, Just For Laughs Gags, Montreal International Jazz Festival, neminye), enegalelo elikhulu emnothweni walo. Kuphinde kube yikhaya lebhizinisi lezamasiko elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, i-Cirque du Soleil. [153]IMontreal futhi iyisizinda somhlaba wonke socwaningo lwezobuhlakani bokwenziwa enezinkampani eziningi ezibandakanyekayo kulo mkhakha, njenge-Facebook AI Research (FAIR), Microsoft Research, GoogleDeepMind, Samsung Research kanye neThales Group (cortAIx)[154] [155] Idolobhakazi liphinde libe yikhaya leMila (isikhungo socwaningo), isikhungo sokucwaninga ubuhlakani bokwenziwa esinabacwaningi abangaphezu kuka-500 abagxile emkhakheni wokufunda okujulile, elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.[156]Imboni yegeyimu yevidiyo idlondlobala e-Montreal kusukela ngoNovemba 2, 1995, okuhambisana nokuvulwa kwe-Ubisoft Montreal[157] Muva nje, idolobhakazi lihehe abathuthukisi bemidlalo abahamba phambili nezitudiyo zabashicileli njenge-EA, i-Eidos Interactive, i-BioWare, i-Artificial Mind and Movement, i-Strategy First, i-THQ, i-Gameloft ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhwalithi yabasebenzi abakhethekile basendaweni, kanye nezikweletu zentela ezinikezwa izinkampani.Muva nje, i-Warner Bros.Interactive Entertainment, ingxenye ye-Warner Bros., imemezele ukuthi izovula isitudiyo somdlalo wevidiyo.[158] Ngokuqhathaniswa okusha embonini yegeyimu yevidiyo, kuzoba isitudiyo sokuqala se-Warner Bros. esivuliwe, esingathengwanga, futhi sizothuthukisa imidlalo yama-franchise anjalo e-Warner Bros. njengo-Batman neminye imidlalo evela kuphothifoliyo yabo ye-DC Comics.Isitudiyo sizodala imisebenzi engama-300I-Montreal idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezezimali.Umkhakha uqashe cishe abantu abayi-100,000 e-Greater Montreal Area [159] Kusukela ngoMashi 2018, iMontreal ikleliswe endaweni ye-12 ku-Global Financial Centers Index, izinga lokuncintisana kwezikhungo zezezimali emhlabeni jikelele. [160] Idolobhakazi liyikhaya le-Montreal Exchange, i-stock exchange endala kunazo zonke e-Canada kanye nokuhwebelana okuwukuphela kwezimali ezitholakala ezweni. [161] Indlunkulu yezinkampani zeBank of Montreal kanye neRoyal Bank yaseCanada, amabhange amabili amakhulu eCanada, ayeseMontreal. Ngenkathi womabili amabhange ethutha indlunkulu yawo eToronto, e-Ontario, amahhovisi awo ezinkampani ezisemthethweni ahlala eMontreal. Leli dolobha linamahhovisi amakhulu amabhange amabili amancane, iNational Bank of Canada kanye neLaurentian Bank yaseCanada. I-Caisse de dÃÂÃÂ©pÃÃ´t et placement du QuÃÃÂ©bec, umtshali-zimali wesikhungo ophethe impahla efinyelela ku-$248 billion CAD, inehhovisi layo lebhizinisi elikhulu eMontreal. . [162] Izinkampani ezingaphansi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe ezisebenza emkhakheni wezezimali nazo zinamahhovisi e-Montreal, okuhlanganisa i-HSBC, i-Aon, i-SociÃÂÃÂ©tÃÂÃÂ© GÃÂÃÂ©nÃÂ ÃÂ©rale, BNP Paribas ne-AXA. [161] [163] Izinkampani eziningi zinekomkhulu eGreater Montreal Area okuhlanganisa neRio Tinto Alcan, [164] Bombardier Inc., [165] Canadian National Railway, [166] CGI Group, [167] Air Canada, [168] Air Transat, [169] CAE, [170] Saputo, [171] Cirque du Soleil, Stingray Group, Quebecor, [172] Ultramar, Kruger Inc., Jean Coutu Group, [173] Uniprix, [174] Proxim, [175] Domtar, Le ChÃÂÃÂ¢teau, [176] Power Corporation, Cellcom Communications, [177] Bell Canada. [178] Standard Life, [179] Hydro-QuÃÂÃÂ©bec, AbitibiBowater, Pratt and Whitney Canada, Molson, [180] Tembec, Canada Steamship Lines, Fednav, Alimentation Couche-Tard, SNC-Lavalin, [181] MEGA Brands, [182] Aeroplan, [183] Agropur, [184] Metro Inc., [185] Laurentian Bank of Canada, [186] National Bank of Canada, [187] Transat A.T., [188] Via Rail , [189] GardaWorld, Novacam Technologies, SOLABS, [190] Dollarama, [191] Rona [192] kanye neCaisse de dÃÃÂ©pÃÃ´t et placement du QuÃÂ ÃÂ©bec I-Montreal Oil Refining Centre iyisikhungo esikhulu sokucwenga eCanada, enezinkampani ezifana nePetro-Canada, Ultramar, Gulf Oil, Petromont, Ashland Canada, Parachem Petrochemical, Coastal Petrochemical, Interquisa (Cepsa) Petrochemical, Nova Chemicals, nokunye. U-Shell wanquma ukuvala isikhungo sokuhluza ngo-2010, exosha amakhulukhulu emisebenzi futhi kwadala ukuncika kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhluza zangaphandle empumalanga yeCanada. == Isiko[hlela] == IMontreal ibizwe ngokuthi "Inhlokodolobha Yamasiko YaseCanada"ngu *Umagazini we-Monocle*. [28] Idolobhakazi liyisikhungo saseCanada semikhiqizo kamabonakude yolimi lwesiFulentshi, umsakazo, imidlalo yeshashalazi, ifilimu, imidiya exubile, kanye nokushicilela. Imiphakathi eminingi yamasiko yaseMontreal iyinikeze isiko lendawo elihlukile. IMontreal yaqokwa njengeNhloko Yezincwadi Zomhlaba ngonyaka ka-2005 yi-UNESCO. [193] Njengoba isekuhlanganeni kwamasiko amaFulentshi namaNgisi, iMontreal isungule ubuso obuhlukile nobuhlukile bamasiko. Idolobhakazi selikhiqize ithalente eliningi emikhakheni yobuciko obubonakalayo, yaseshashalazini, umdanso, nomculo, ngesiko lokukhiqiza kokubili umculo we-jazz nowe-rock. Esinye isici esiphawulekayo empilweni yamasiko ukunyakaza kwedolobha lakhona, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasehlobo, okubangelwa imicimbi yamasiko nenhlalo yomphakathi, okuhlanganisa nemikhosi yayo yaminyaka yonke engaphezu kwe-100, enkulu kunazo zonke iMontreal International Jazz Festival okuyifestiveli ye-jazz enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Eminye imicimbi edumile ihlanganisa iJust for Laughs (ifestivali yamahlaya enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni), Montreal World Film Festival, Les FrancoFolies de MontrÃÃÂ©al, Nuits d'Afrique, Pop Montreal, Divers/CitÃÂÃ Â©, FiertÃÃÂ© Montreal kanye neMontreal Fireworks Festival, namafestivali amaningi amancane. Idolobha laseMontreal liphinde laziwa kabanzi ngempilo yalo yasebusuku ehlukahlukene futhi enempilo, ethathwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yamasiko endawo. Inhliziyo yamasiko yobuciko bakudala kanye nendawo yemikhosi eminingi yasehlobo, i-Place des Arts iyinkimbinkimbi yamahholo ekhonsathi ahlukene kanye netiyetha ezungeze isikwele esikhulu engxenyeni esempumalanga yedolobha. IPlace des Arts inekomkhulu lelinye lama-orchestra aphambili emhlabeni, iMontreal Symphony Orchestra. I-Orchester MÃÂÃÂ©tropolitain du Grand MontrÃÃÂ©al kanye ne-orchestra ye-chamber I Musici de MontrÃÃÂ©al amanye ama-orchestra amabili athathwa kahle aseMontreal. Okunye okucula e-Place des Arts i-OpÃÃÂ©ra de MontrÃÃÂ©al kanye nenkampani ye-ballet eyinhloko yedolobha i-Les Grands Ballets Canadiens. Amaqembu okudansa e-avant-garde ahlonishwa umhlaba wonke afana neCompagnie Marie Chouinard, La La La Human Steps, O Vertigo, kanye neFondation Jean-Pierre Perreault avakashele umhlaba futhi asebenza nabaculi abadumile bamazwe ngamazwe kumavidiyo nasemakhonsathini. Ukuhlelwa okuyingqayizivele kwala maqembu kuvule indlela yempumelelo yeCirque du Soleil edume umhlaba wonke. Iteketiswa * (idolobha elinemiqansa eyikhulu), iMontreal idume ngamasonto ayo. Kunamabandla alinganiselwa ku-650 esiqhingini, kanti angu-450 awo asukela ngeminyaka yawo-1800 noma ngaphambi kwalokho. la ville aux cent clochers* [194]UMark Twain waphawula, "Ngiyaqala ngqa ukuba sedolobheni lapho wawungakwazi ukujikijela isitini ngaphandle kokuphula iwindi lesonto."[195] Idolobha linama-basilica amane amaRoma Katolika: uMary, iNdlovukazi Yesonto Lomhlaba, i-Notre-Dame Basilica, i-St Patrick's Basilica, kanye ne-Saint Joseph's Oratory. I-Oratory iyisonto elikhulu kunawo wonke eCanada, elinedome yethusi yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva kweSaint Peter's Basilica eRoma. [196] Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1940s, izincwadi zaseQuebec zaqala ukusuka ezinganekwaneni zokufundisa izwe laseFrance naseCanada zaya ekubhaleni edolobheni laseMontreal elinamasiko amaningi. Imisebenzi yokuphayona ephawulekayo echaza umlingiswa wedolobha ihlanganisa inoveli kaGabrielle Roy ka-1945. *Bonheur D'Occasion*, ehunyushwe ngokuthi *The Tin Flute*, kanye nenoveli kaGwethalyn Graham ethi *Earth and High Heaven* ka-1944. Ababhali bezinganekwane abalandelayo abahlele umsebenzi wabo eMontreal bahlanganisa uMordecai Richler, uClaude Jasmin, uFrancine Noel, noHeather O'Neill, phakathi kwabanye abaningi. == Ezemidlalo[hlela] == Umdlalo odume kakhulu yi-ice hockey. Iqembu le-hockey elikhokhelwayo, i-Montreal Canadiens, lingelinye lamaqembu ayisithupha Oqobo e-National Hockey League (NHL), futhi liwine umqhudelwano we-NHL-record 24 Stanley Cup. Ukunqoba kwakamuva kweStanley Cup kweCanadiens kwafika ngo-1993. Banemibango emikhulu neToronto Maple Leafs kanye neBoston Bruins, womabili okungamaqembu ayisithupha Oqobo, kanye namaSenator ase-Ottawa, iqembu eliseduze kakhulu ngokwendawo. AmaCanadiens adlale eBell Center kusukela ngo-1996. Ngaphambi kwalokho bebedlala eMontreal Forum IMontreal Alouettes yeCanadian Football League (CFL) idlalela eMolson Stadium ekhempasini yaseMcGill University ngemidlalo yayo yesizini evamile. Imidlalo yakamuva yesizini neye-playoff idlalelwa enkundleni enkulu kakhulu, ebiyelwe ye-Olympic Stadium, ephinde yasingatha i-Grey Cup ka-2008. I-Alouettes isinqobe iGrey Cup izikhathi eziyisikhombisa, muva nje ngo-2010. I-Alouettes ibe nezikhathi ezimbili lapho ikhefu. Kowesibili, iMontreal Machine yadlala kuWorld League of American Football ngo-1991 nango-1992. I-McGill Redbirds, i-Concordia Stingers, kanye ne-UniversitÃÃÂ© de MontrâÃÂ©al Carabins badlala iligi yebhola lezinyawo yase-U Sports I-Montreal inomlando we-baseball onezindaba. Leli dolobha beliyikhaya leMontreal Royals yeligi encane ye-International League kuze kube yi-1960. Ngo-1946 uJackie Robinson waphula umugqa wombala we-Baseball namaRoyals ngonyaka onzima ngokomzwelo; URobinson ubelokhu ebonga njalo ngokusekela kwabalandeli bendawo [197] I-Major League baseball yafika edolobheni isesimweni seMontreal Expos ngo-1969. Badlale imidlalo yabo eJarry Park Stadium baze badlulela e-Olympic Stadium ngo-1977. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-36 liseMontreal, iqembu lathuthela eWashington, D.C., ngo-2005 laphinde lazibiza ngokuthi iWashington Nationals. [198] I-CF MontrÃÂÃÂ©al (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Montreal Impact) yiqembu lebhola lezinyawo elikhokhelwayo ledolobha. Badlalela enkundleni yebhola lezinyawo ethize ebizwa ngokuthi iSaputo Stadium. Bajoyine iligi yebhola lezinyawo enkulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika, iMajor League Soccer, ngo-2012. Imidlalo yaseMontreal yeNdebe Yomhlaba ye-FIFA U-20 yango-2007 [199] kanye ne-2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup [200] ibibanjelwe e-Olympic Stadium, futhi indawo isingathe imidlalo yaseMontreal kwiNdebe Yomhlaba YeFIFA ka-2015. [201] I-Montreal iyindawo yomcimbi womjaho wezimoto osezingeni eliphezulu unyaka ngamunye: iCanadian Grand Prix of Formula One (F1) racing. Lo mjaho wenzeka e-Circuit Gilles Villeneuve e-ÃÂÃÂle Notre-Dame. Ngo-2009 lo mjaho wahoxiswa ekhalendeni leFormula One, kwadumala abanye abalandeli. [202] kodwa i-Canadian Grand Prix ibuyele ekhalendeni le-Formula One ngo-2010. Iphinde yehliswa ekhalendeni futhi kusukela ngo-2020, ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. I-Circuit Gilles Villeneuve iphinde yabamba umzuliswano we-Champ Car World Series kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2007, futhi yayiyikhaya le-NAPA Auto Parts 200, umjaho we-NASCAR Nationalwide Series, kanye ne-MontrÃÂÃÂ©al 200, iGrand. Umjaho we-Am Rolex Sports Car Series I-Uniprix Stadium, eyakhiwa ngo-1993 esizeni sikaJarry Park, isetshenziselwa imiqhudelwano yethenisi yabesilisa nabesifazane yeRogers Cup. Umqhudelwano wabesilisa uwumcimbi we-Masters 1000 ku-ATP Tour, futhi umqhudelwano wabesifazane uwumqhudelwano kaNdunankulu ku-WTA Tour. Imiqhudelwano yabesilisa nabesifazane iyashintshana phakathi kweMontreal neToronto minyaka yonke [203] IMontreal yaba ngusokhaya weMidlalo Yama-Olympic Yasehlobo yango-1976. Inkundla ibize amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5; [204] nenzalo leyo nani yafinyelela cishe ku-$3 billion, futhi yakhokhelwa ngoDisemba 2006. [205] I-Montreal iphinde yaba nomdlalo wokuqala owake waba khona we-World Outgames ehlobo lika-2006, yaheha abahlanganyeli abangaphezu kuka-16,000 ababambe iqhaza kwezemidlalo engu-35. IMontreal bekuyidolobha elizosingatha umqhudelwano we-17th Unicycling World Championship (UNICON) ngo-Agasti 2014. |Iqembu||Iligi||Ezemidlalo||Indawo||Isunguliwe||Imiqhudelwano| |Montreal Canadiens||NHL||Ihokhi yeqhwa||Bell Centre||1909||24||Montreal Alouettes||CFL||Canadian football||Percival Molson Memorial Stadium|Olympic Stadium|1946||7||CF MontrÃÂÃÂ©al||MLS||Soccer||Saputo Stadium||2012||0|== Abezindaba[hlela] ==I-Montreal iyimakethe yezindaba yesibili ngobukhulu e-Canada, futhi iyisikhungo semboni yezindaba yase-CanadaKunezine ezingaphezu kwe- iziteshi zikamabonakude zolimi lwesiNgisi emoyeni: CBMT-DT (CBC Television), CFCF-DT (CTV), CKMI-DT (Global) kanye ne-CJNT-DT (Citytv).Kukhona neziteshi zikamabonakude ezinhlanu ezitholakala emoyeni ngolimi lwesi-French: CBFT-DT (Ici Radio-Canada), CFTM-DT (TVA), CFJP-DT (Noovo), CIVM-DT (TÃ ÂÃÂ©lÃÂÃÂ©-QuÃÃÂ©bec), kanye ne-CFTU-DT (Canal Savoir)I-Montreal inamaphephandaba amathathu nsuku zonke, isiNgisi solimi*Montreal Gazette* kanye nolimi lwesiFulentshi *Le Journal de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al*, kanye *Le Devoir*; olunye ulimi lwansuku zonke lwesi-French, i-*La Presse*, yaba umagazini wansuku zonke ku-inthanethi ngo-2018.Kunamaphepha amabili amahhala wesiFulentshi, *MÃÂÃÂ©tro* kanye ne-*24 Heures*.I-Montreal inamaphephabhuku amaningi amasonto onke kanye namaphephandaba omphakathi asebenzela izindawo ezihlukene, izinhlanga nezikole== Uhulumeni[hlela] ==Inhloko kahulumeni wedolobha eMontreal ungusodolobha, ongowokuqala phakathi kwabalinganayo emkhandlwini wedolobhaUmkhandlu wedolobha uyisikhungo esikhethwe ngokwentando yeningi futhi uyigunya lokugcina elithatha izinqumo edolobheni, nakuba amandla amaningi ephakathi nendawo. ekomidini eliphezulu.Umkhandlu unamalungu angama-65 avela kuzo zonke izifunda[206] Umkhandlu unegunya phezu kwezindaba eziningi, okuhlanganisa ezokuphepha komphakathi, izivumelwano nabanye ohulumeni, izinhlelo zoxhaso, imvelo, ukuhlela amadolobha, kanye nohlelo lweminyaka emithathu lokusebenzisa imali enkulu.Umkhandlu kudingeka ukuthi uqondise, ulinganise noma ugunyaze izinqumo ezithile ezenziwe imikhandlu yesifunda Libika ngqo emkhandlwini, isigungu esiphezulu sisebenzisa amandla okuthatha izinqumo afana nalawo ekhabhinethi ohlelweni lwephalamende futhi sibhekene nokulungisa imiqulu eyahlukene okuhlanganisa nezabelomali kanye nemithetho kamasipala, ethunyelwa emkhandlwini ukuze iphasiswe. Amandla okuthatha izinqumo ekomidi eliphezulu ahlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, ukukhishwa kwezinkontileka noma izibonelelo, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza zabantu nezezimali, izinsiza nezakhiwo. Ingase futhi inikezwe amandla engeziwe ngumkhandlu wedolobha Amakomidi amile angamathuluzi asemqoka okuxoxisana ngawo nomphakathi. Babhekene nocwaningo lomphakathi lwezindaba ezisalindile kanye nokwenza izincomo ezifanele emkhandlwini. Baphinde babuyekeze izibikezelo zesabelomali zonyaka zeminyango engaphansi kwabo. Isaziso somphakathi somhlangano sishicilelwa kuwo womabili amaphephandaba ezinsuku zonke zesiFulentshi nesiNgisi okungenani ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi komhlangano ngamunye. Yonke imihlangano ifaka phakathi isikhathi semibuzo esesidlangalaleni. Amakomiti akhona, ayisikhombisa, anezihlandla ezithatha iminyaka emibili. Ukwengeza, uMkhandlu weDolobha unganquma ukwakha amakomiti akhethekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ikomidi elimile ngalinye lakhiwe amalungu ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye, okuhlanganisa nosihlalo kanye nesekela-sihlalo. Amalungu wonke ayizikhulu zikamasipala ezikhethiwe, ngaphandle kommeleli kahulumeni waseQuebec ekomitini lezokuphepha komphakathi Idolobhakazi liyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yoMphakathi omkhulu weMontreal Metropolitan (CommunautÃÂÃÂ© MÃÃÂ©tropolitaine de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al, CMM), ephethe ukuhlela. , ukuxhumanisa, kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ukuqoqwa nokulawulwa kwemfucuza, njll., endaweni yonkana yedolobha elikhulu. Umongameli we-CMM uyimeya yaseMontreal. I-CMM ihamba ibanga lika-4,360 km 2 (1,680 sq mi), enezakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-3.6 ngo-2006. [207] IMontreal iyisihlalo sesifunda sokwahlulela saseMontreal, esifaka idolobha kanye neminye imiphakathi esiqhingini [208] == Amaphoyisa[hlela] == Ukugcinwa komthetho esiqhingini ngokwaso kuhlinzekwa yi- *Service de Police de la Ville de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al,* noma i-SPVM ngamafuphi == Ubugebengu[hlela] == Izinga lobugebengu lilonke eMontreal lehlile, ngaphandle kokumbalwa okuphawulekayo, nokubulawa kwabantu ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-1972 (ukubulawa kwabantu abangu-23 ngo-2016) [209] ubugebengu bunyuke ngamaphesenti angu-14.5 phakathi kuka-2015 no-2016 kanti amacala anyuke ngamaphesenti angu-13 esikhathini esifanayo. [209] Izinhlangano ezinkulu zobugebengu ezisebenza eMontreal umndeni wobugebengu baseRizzuto, Hells Angels kanye neWest End Gang. == Imfundo[hlela] == Uhlelo lwezemfundo eQuebec luhlukile kwezinye izinhlelo zaseNyakatho Melika. Phakathi kwesikole samabanga aphezulu (esiphela ebangeni le-11) nabafundi basenyuvesi kufanele badlule kwesinye isikole esibizwa nge-CEGEP. Ama-CEGEP anikela ngezinhlelo zangaphambi kwenyuvesi (iminyaka emi-2) nezobuchwepheshe (iminyaka emi-3). E-Montreal, ama-CEGEP ayishumi nesikhombisa anikeza izifundo zesiFulentshi neziyisihlanu ngesiNgisi Izikole zomphakathi zolimi lwesi-French amabanga aphansi nesekondari e-Montreal ziqhutshwa yi-Center de services scolaire de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al (CSDM), [210] Centre de services scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys [211] kanye ne-Center de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'ÃÂÃÂle. [212] Izikole zikahulumeni zolimi lwesiNgisi zamabanga aphansi nesekondari e-Montreal Island ziqhutshwa yi-English Montreal School Board kanye ne-Lester B. Pearson School Board [213] [214] Njengoba inamanyuvesi amane, ezinye izikhungo eziyisikhombisa eziklomelisa iziqu, kanye nama-CEGEP ayi-12 endaweni eyi-8 km (5.0 mi) radius, iMontreal inenani eliphakeme kakhulu labafundi abaphuma esikoleni esiphakeme kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu eNyakatho Melika (abafundi abangu-4.38 kubahlali abayi-100, kulandelwa Boston kubafundi abangu-4.37 kubahlali abayi-100) [215] Imfundo ephakeme (isiNgisi)[edit] - Inyuvesi yaseMcGill ingesinye sezikhungo ezihamba phambili zaseCanada ngemuva kwesecondary futhi ithathwa kabanzi njengesikhungo esisezingeni lomhlaba. Ngo-2021, uMcGill wakleliswa njengenyuvesi ephezulu kwezobudokotela eCanada unyaka weshumi nesikhombisa ilandelana ngabakwaMaclean. [216] futhi okwesibili eCanada kanye nenyuvesi yama-27 ehamba phambili emhlabeni ngama-QS World University Rankings. [217] - I-Concordia University yasungulwa ngokuhlanganiswa kweSir George Williams University kanye neLoyola College ngo-1974. [218] Inyuvesi ibalwa njengenye yamanyuvesi abanzi kakhulu eCanada ngabakwaMacleans. [219] Imfundo ephakeme (isiFulentshi)[ hlela] I-University of MontrÃÃÂ©al(UdeM) iyunivesithi yesibili ngobukhulu yocwaningo eCanada futhi ibalwa njengenye yamanyuvesi aphezulu eCanada. Izikhungo ezimbili ezihlukene ezixhumene nale nyuvesi: i-ÃÃÂcole Polytechnique de MontrÃÃÂ©al(School of Engineering) kanye ne-HEC MontrâÃÂ©al(School of Business. ). I-HEC Montreal yasungulwa ngo-1907 futhi ithathwa njengenye yezikole zebhizinisi ezihamba phambili eCanada. [220] I-UniversityÃÃÂ© du QuÃÃÂ©bec ÃÃÂ I-MontrÃÂÃÂ©al(UQAM) ikhampasi yaseMontreal yase-UniversitÃ Â© du QuÃÂÃÂ©bec. I-UQAM igxile kakhulu kwezobuciko benkululeko, nakuba izinhlelo eziningi ezihlobene nesayensi zikhona - The I-UniversitÃÃÂ© du QuÃÃÂ©becnetwork nayo inezikole ezintathu eziphethwe ngokuhlukene e-MontrÃÃÂ©al, ikakhulukazi i-ÃÃcole de technologie supÃ. ÂÃÂ©rieure (ETS), the ÃÃÂcole nationale d'administration publique (ÃÂÃÂNAP)kanye ne-Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS). I-L'Institut de formation thÃÃÂ©ologique de MontrÃÃÂ©al des PrÃÃªtres de Saint-Sulpice(IFTM) igxile kwezenkolo nefilosofi. I-Conservatoire de musique du QuÃÃÂ©bec ÃÃÂ I-Montreal inikeza kokubili uhlelo lweBachelor kanye ne-Master emculweni wakudala. Ukwengeza, amanyuvesi amabili akhuluma isiFulentshi, i-University de Sherbrooke kanye ne-UniversitÃÃÂ© Laval anamakhampasi endaweni eseduze yaseLongueuil ogwini oluseningizimu yeMontreal. Futhi, l' *I-Institut de pastorale des Dominicains* iyisikhungo senyuvesi yaseMontreal yase-Ottawa's ColllÃÃ¨ge Universitaire Dominicain/Dominican University College. I *FacultÃÂÃÂ© de thÃÃÂ©ologie ÃÃÂ©vangÃÃÂ©lique* yiNova Scotia's Acadia University Montreal ezinze esebenzela umphakathi wamaProthestani aseFrance Canada ngokunikeza kokubili iBachelor kanye nohlelo lwe-Master in theology == Ezokuthutha[hlela] == Njengamadolobha amaningi amakhulu, iMontreal inenkinga yokuminyana kwezimoto. Ukuhamba kwezimoto ezisuka emadolobheni nasemadolobheni aseWest Island (njengeDollard-des-Ormeaux kanye nePointe-Claire) kuhlanganiswe abagibeli abangena edolobheni abasebenzisa izimpambano zemigwaqo ezingamashumi amabili nane ezivela ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphandle kwesiqhingi eNyakatho naseNingizimu Shores. . Ububanzi boMfula iSaint Lawrence kwenze ukwakhiwa kwezixhumanisi ezingaguquki eziya ogwini oluseningizimu kubize futhi kube nzima. Njengamanje kunamabhuloho emigwaqo amane (okuhlanganisa amabili amatasa kakhulu ezweni) kanye nomhubhe webhuloho owodwa, amabhuloho amabili wesitimela, kanye nolayini weMetro. IRiviÃÃ¨re des Prairies encane kakhulu enyakatho yedolobha, ehlukanisa iMontreal neLaval, ihlukaniswe ngamabhuloho emigwaqo ayisishiyagalolunye (ayisikhombisa aya edolobheni laseLaval namabili agudla ngqo ogwini olusenyakatho) kanye neMetro. umugqa Isiqhingi saseMontreal siyisikhungo sohlelo lweQuebec Autoroute, futhi sihlinzekwa yiQuebec Autoroutes A-10 (eyaziwa ngokuthi iBonaventure Expressway esiqhingini saseMontreal), A-15 (eyaziwa nangokuthi iDecarie Expressway eningizimu ye-A-40 kanye iLaurentian Autoroute enyakatho yayo), A-13 (aka Chomedey Autoroute), A-20, A-25, A-40 (ingxenye yohlelo lweTrans-Canada Highway, futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi "The Metropolitan"noma nje "I-Met"esigabeni sayo esiphezulu esimaphakathi nedolobha), i-A-520 kanye ne-R-136 (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ville-Marie Autoroute). Amaningi alawa ma-Autorout avame ukuminyana ngehora lokushesha [221] Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni uye wavuma le nkinga futhi usebenza ezixazululweni zesikhathi eside ukuze kuncishiswe ukuminyana. Esinye salezo zibonelo ukunwetshwa kwe-Quebec Autoroute 30 ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Montreal, okuzoba indawo yokudlula amaloli nethrafikhi yezindawo ezihlanganayo. [222] I-SociÃÃÂ©tÃÃÂ© de transport de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al[edit] Izithuthi zomphakathi zendawo zihlinzekwa uxhaxha lwamabhasi, imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, nezitimela zabagibeli ezinabela zinqamule nangaphandle kwesiqhingi. Umzila ongaphansi komhlaba kanye nesistimu yebhasi zisetshenziswa yiSociÃÂÃÂ©tÃÃÂ© de transport de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al (STM, Montreal Transit Society). Inethiwekhi yamabhasi e-STM iqukethe imizila engu-203 emini nasebusuku engu-23. Imizila yamabhasi e-STM isiza abagibeli abayi-1,347,900 phakathi nesonto ngo-2010. [223] Ihlinzeka futhi ngamabhasi ezokuthutha namabhasi afinyeleleka ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile. [224] I-STM iwine umklomelo Wohlelo Oluvelele Lokuhamba Komphakathi eNyakatho Melika yi-APTA ngo-2010. Bekungokokuqala ukuthi inkampani yaseCanada iwine lo mklomelo IMetro yasungulwa ngo-1966 futhi ineziteshi ezingu-68 emigqeni emine [225] Kuwuhlelo lwesitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba olumatasa kakhulu e-Canada ekusetshenzisweni kwabagibeli kwansuku zonke, okuhlinzeka abagibeli abangu-1,050,800 phakathi nesonto elimaphakathi (kusukela ngo-Q1 2010). [223] Isiteshi ngasinye saklanywa abaklami abahlukene abanetimu ngayinye futhi sibonisa umsebenzi wobuciko wangempela, futhi izitimela zihamba ngamathayi enjoloba, okwenza uhlelo luthule kunabaningi.[226] Le phrojekthi yasungulwa nguMeya waseMontreal uJean Drapeau, kamuva owaletha iMidlalo Yama-Olympic Yasehlobo eMontreal ngo-1976. Sekuyisikhathi eside isimiso seMetro saba nesiteshi eSouth Shore eLongueuil, futhi ngo-2007 sanwetshwa saya edolobheni laseLaval, enyakatho yeMontreal, ngeziteshi ezintathu ezintsha. [227] I-metro isanda kwenza izitimela zayo zibe zesimanje, ithenga amamodeli amasha e-*Azur* ngezinqola ezixhumeke phakathi. [228] Umoya[hlela] IMontreal inezikhumulo zezindiza ezimbili zamazwe ngamazwe, esokuhamba ngabagibeli kuphela, esinye ngesempahla. I-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport [eyaziwa nangokuthi *i-Dorval Airport*] eDolobheni lase-Dorval isebenzela bonke abagibeli bezentengiselwano futhi iyindlunkulu ye-Air Canada [229] kanye ne-Air Transat. [230] Enyakatho yedolobha kune-Montreal Mirabel International Airport e-Mirabel, eyayicatshangwa njengesikhumulo sezindiza esiyinhloko saseMontreal kodwa manje esisebenzela izindiza ezithwala impahla kanye nama-MEDEVAC kanye nezindiza ezijwayelekile kanye nezinsizakalo ezithile zabagibeli. [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] Ngo-2018, iTrudeau yayiyisikhumulo sezindiza sesithathu esimatasatasa eCanada ngokuhamba kwabagibeli nokuhamba kwezindiza, iphatha abagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-19.42, [236] [237] kanye nokunyakaza kwezindiza ezingama-240,159. [238] Njengoba u-63% wabagibeli bayo besezindizeni okungezona ezasekhaya inamaphesenti amakhulu ezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe kunoma yisiphi isikhumulo sezindiza saseCanada. [239] Ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu ze-Air Canada futhi isebenza ngokwesilinganiso cishe izindiza eziyi-2,400 ngeviki phakathi kweMontreal nezindawo eziyi-155, ezisabalele emazwenikazi amahlanu. Izinkampani zezindiza ezisebenzela iTrudeau zinikeza izindiza ezingami unyaka wonke eziya emazwenikazi amahlanu, okuyi-Afrika, Asia, Europe, North America kanye neNingizimu Melika. [240] [241] [242] Ingesinye sezikhumulo zezindiza ezimbili kuphela eCanada ezinezindiza eziqondile eziya emazwenikazi amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ujantshi[hlela] I-Via Rail Canada ezinze eMontreal inikeza insizakalo yesitimela kwamanye amadolobha aseCanada, ikakhulukazi eQuebec City naseToronto eduze neQuebec City ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Windsor Corridor. I-Amtrak, uhlelo lwesitimela sabagibeli lukazwelonke lwase-U.S., lusebenza *Adirondack* nsuku zonke ukuya eNew York. Zonke izitimela ezihamba phakathi kwamadolobha kanye nezitimela eziningi zabagibeli zisebenza ngaphandle kweCentral Station ICanadian Pacific Railway (CPR), enekomkhulu eCalgary, e-Alberta, yasungulwa lapha ngo-1881. [243] Ikomkhulu layo lebhizinisi lahlala eSiteshini iWindsor ku-910 Peel Street kwaze kwaba ngu-1995. . [244] I-CPR ixhuma eMontreal nePort of Montreal, iDelaware neHudson Railway eya eNew York, iQuebec Gatineau Railway eya eQuebec City naseBuckingham, iCentral Maine kanye neQuebec Railway eya eHalifax, kanye neCanadian National Railway (CN). Isitimela esihamba phambili se-CPR, *The Canadian*, sasigijima nsuku zonke sisuka eWindsor Station siya eVancouver, kodwa ngo-1978 zonke izinsiza zabagibeli zadluliselwa e-Via. Kusukela ngo-1990, *I-Canadian* inqanyulwe e-Toronto esikhundleni se-Montreal I-CN yaseMontreal yasungulwa ngo-1919 nguhulumeni waseCanada kulandela uchungechunge lokuqothuka kwezitimela ezweni lonke. Yasungulwa isuka eGrand Trunk, Midland kanye naseCanada Northern Railways, futhi isikhuphuke yaba imbangi enkulu ye-CPR enqoleni yezimpahla eCanada. [245] Njenge-CPR, i-CN yazilahla kumasevisi abagibeli yavuna i-Via. [246] Isitimela esihamba phambili se-CN, *iSuper Continental*, sasigijima nsuku zonke sisuka eCentral Station siya eVancouver futhi ngemva kwalokho saba isitimela i-Via ngo-1978. Saqedwa ngo-1990 ukuze kushintshwe umzila *I-Canadian* Uhlelo lwesitimela sabagibeli lulawulwa futhi lusetshenziswa yi-Exo, futhi lufinyelela ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwe-Greater Montreal ngemigqa eyisithupha. Ithwale isilinganiso sabagibeli bansuku zonke abangu-79,000 ngo-2014, okuyenza ibe indawo yesikhombisa ematasatasa eNyakatho Melika ilandela iNew York, Chicago, Toronto, Boston, Philadelphia, neMexico City. [247] Ngomhla zingama-22 kuMbasa, 2016, kwethulwa uhlelo lwezokuthutha olusheshayo oluzenzakalelayo oluzayo, i-RÃÃÂ©seau express mÃÂÃÂ©tropolitain (REM), lwembulwa. I-Groundbreaking yenzeke ngomhla ka-12 Ephreli, 2018, kanye nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-67-kilometer ubude (42 mi) ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ ehlanganisa amagatsha amathathu, iziteshi ezingama-26, kanye nokuguqulwa kukaloliwe omatasa kakhulu wesifunda. I-ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ iqale ngenyanga elandelayo. Izovulwa ngezigaba ezintathu kusukela ngo-2022, i-REM izoqedwa maphakathi no-2024, ibe inethiwekhi yezokuthutha esheshayo yesine ngobukhulu ngemva kwe-Dubai Metro, i-Singapore Mass Rapid Transit, ne-Vancouver SkyTrain. Iningi lazo lizoxhaswa umphathi wesikhwama sezimpesheni u-Caisse de dÃÃÂ©pÃÃ´t et placement du QuÃÃÂ©bec (CDPQ Infra) [248] NgoDisemba 15, 2020, i-CDPQ Infra yamemezela enye inethiwekhi, i-REM de l'Est. Akukho nokukodwa kokulandela kwayo okuzoxhuma kunethiwekhi yokuqala, nakuba indawo yayo yangaphakathi eseduze nenkaba yedolobha iwukuphindaphinda kabili njengokushintshana kwabagibeli. Ukumboza ingxenye esempumalanga yesiqhingi, kufanele ibe amakhilomitha angu-32 (20 mi) ubude neziteshi ezingu-23. Izinhlelo zokukhuphula ingxenye yesiqu sawo ekupheleni kwenkaba yedolobha kanye nesifunda esiseduze nedolobha, seziphenduke impikiswano, kanti leli elibheke enyakatho lamagatsha alo lizonqanyulwa ezifundeni ezingaphansi kwedolobha. [249] Futhi ngoJanuwari 18, 2021, izimeya zomasipala baseNorth Shore enyakatho yeRiviÃÃ¨re des Mille ÃÃles zamemezela izifiso zazo zokwakha enye futhi inethiwekhi ye-REM ehambisana nomfula. ukuxhumanisa imiphakathi yabo yaseNorth Shore phakathi kwe-Oka ne-L'Assomption, ibanga elingamakhilomitha acishe abe ngu-70 (43 mi). [250] [hlela] Izihloko eziyinhloko Idolobha laseMontreal lidume umhlaba wonke ngokuba semadolobhaneni angama-20 alungele abagibeli bamabhayisikili emhlabeni jikelele. [251] Lokhu kulandela ukuthi banesistimu yokwabelana ngamabhayisikili ephumelela kakhulu emhlabeni ku-BIXI. Yaqala ukwethulwa ngo-2009 [252] ngamabhayisikili e-PBSC Urban Solutions ICONIC azinze eMontreal, uhlelo lokwabelana ngamabhayisikili selukhule uxhaxha lwalo lwemikhumbi ukuze lufake iziteshi zokushaja ezingama-750 kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlukene ezinamabhayisikili angu-9000 atholakalayo kubasebenzisi. [253] Kulokho i-STM ekushoyo kuwumgomo wokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhamba, abanikazi bamakhadi ezokuthutha manje sebengakwazi ukusizakala ngobulungu babo ukuze baqashe amabhayisikili eziteshini ezikhethiwe. == Abantu abaphawulekayo[hlela] == == Ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe[hlela] == Amadolobha amadala[edit] - Algiers, Algeria 1999 [254] - EBrussels, eBelgium [255] - Bucharest, Romania [256] - Busan, South Korea 2000 [257] [258] - Boston, United States 1995 - Guadalajara, Mexico 2004 - Hanoi, Vietnam 1997 [259] - Hiroshima, Japan 1998 [260] - Lyon, France 1979 [261] - Manila, Philippines 2005 [262] - Melbourne, Australia 2007 - Port-au-Prince, Haiti ÃÂÃÂ 1995 [259] - Quito, Ecuador 1997 - I-Rio de Janeiro, eBrazil Ngo-1998 - San Salvador, El Salvador ÃÂÃÂ 2001 [259] - Shanghai, China ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ 1985 [263] - Tunis, Tunisia ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ 1999- Yerevan, Armenia ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ 1998[264]Amadolobha obungane[hlela]== Bheka futhi[hlela] ==- Uhlu lwezimeya zaseMontreal- Uhlu lwezindawo zomculo zaseMontreal- Uhlu lwezindawo zokuthenga e-Montreal- Uhlu lwezakhiwo ezinde kunazo zonke e-Montreal== Amanothi[hlela] ==== Izikhombo[hlela] ==^"I-Quebec's Metropolis 1960ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ1992".Montreal Archives.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Januwari 5, 2013.Ibuyiselwe ngoJanuwari 24, 2013.^GagnÃÂÃÂ©, Gilles (May 31, 2012)."La GaspÃÂÃÂ©sie s'attable dans la mÃÂÃÂ©tropole".Le Soleil(ngesiFulentshi).Idolobha laseQuebec.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngoJuni 5, 2013.Ibuyiselwe ngoJuni 9, 2012.^Leclerc, Jean-FranÃÂÃÂ§ois (2002)."MontrÃÃÂ©al, la ville aux cent clochers : respects des MontrÃÂÃÂ©alais sur leurs lieux de culte".ÃÂÃÂditions Fides(ngesiFulentshi).Idolobha laseQuebec.^"Lonely Planet Montreal Guide ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Umlando Wesimanje".Lonely Planet.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Januwari 5, 2007.Ibuyiselwe ngo-December 12, 2006.^"Montreal".Isizinda Sedatha Yamagama Endawo.Natural Resources Canada.^66023/ "Ikhodi yendawo 66023 ku-RÃÂÃÂ©pertoire des municipalitÃÂÃÂ©s". www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca(ngesiFulentshi).MinistÃÂÃÂ¨re des Affaires municipals et de l'Habitation{{cite web Hlola|url=value (usizo)^"I-Census Profile, 2021 Census; Montreal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Canada [Country www12.statcan.gc.ca.Statistics Canada.February 9, 2022 .Ibuyiselwe ngoFebhuwari 9, 2022- ^"Iphrofayela Yobalobantu, Ukubalwa kwabantu kwango-2021".b www12.statcan.gc.ca .Statistics Canada.February 9, 2022.Ibuyiselwe ngoFebruwari 9, 2022.Ikhodi 0547) Iphrofayela Yokubalwa kwabantu".ukubalwa kwabantu kuka-2011.Izibalo zaseCanada.2012.Code 462) Census Profile".2011 census.Statistics Canada.2012- ^a "(Ikhodi 462) Iphrofayela Yokubalwa kwabantu".b 2016 census.Statistics Canada.2017.^Poirier, UJean."Island of MontrÃÂÃÂ©al".Natural Resources Canada.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kowoqobo ngoJulayi 20, 2014.Ibuyiswe ngomhla ka-Julayi 16, 2014.^"Ithebula 36-10-0468-01 Isamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya (GDP) ngamanani ayisisekelo, nge-census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000 Statistics Canada.January 27, 2017.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngoJanuwari 22, 2021.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Ephreli 27, 2021- ^a "Old MontrÃ ÂÃÂ©al / Centuries of History".April 2000.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kweyoqobo ngoJuni 30, 2012.Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-26 March 2009.b- ^a "Mount Royal Park ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Montreal's Mount Royal Park noma Parc du Mont-Royal". montreal.about.com .Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-April 30, 2011.Kubuyisiwe Novemba 16, 2010.b ^"Montreal".I-EncyclopÃÂÃÂ¦dia Britannica(Ku-inthanethi ikhishwe ngo-Ephreli 19, 2022.^"Island of Montreal".Natural Resources Canada.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Meyi 31, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngoFebhuwari 7, 2008.^Poirier, Jean (1979), ÃÂÃÂle de MontrÃÂÃ Â©al, vol.5, Quebec: Canoma, pp.6ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ8 ^Uhulumeni wase-Canada, Statistics Canada (Februwari 9, 2022) ."Ithebula Lephrofayela, Iphrofayela Yokubalwa Kwabantu, Ukubalwa Kwabantu Kwango-2021 - MontrÃÂÃÂ©al, Ville (V) [Census subdivision], Quebec". www12.statcan.gc.ca. 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Les amis de la montagne.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Februwari 12, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoFebruwari 26, 2009.d ^"Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery Mission".CimetiÃÂÃÂ¨re Notre-Dame-des-Neiges.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngo-December 23, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Amathuna e-Mount Royal".Les amis de la montagne.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Meyi 1, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngoFebruwari 26, 2009.^"Mount Royal Crematorium".Amathuna AseMount Royal.2010.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Januwari 17, 2013.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 12, 2012.^Silverman, Craig (Juni 14, 2004)."Ikusasa lesiphambano saseMount Royal".Ihora.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Januwari 5, 2010.Ibuyiselwe ngoFebruwari 26, 2009.^"MontrÃÂÃÂ©al en statistiques ÃÂ¢Ã ÂÃÂ Population totale"(ngesiFulentshi).Ville de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Novemba 11, 2012.Ibuyiswe ngoNovemba 20, 2013. volution dÃÂÃÂ©mographique des 10 principales villes du QuÃÂÃÂ©bec (sur la base de 2006) selon leur limites territoriales actuelles".Institut de la statistique du QuÃÂÃÂ©bec(ngesiFulentshi).Statistics Canada.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-6 Okthoba 2013.Ibuyiselwe ngoNovemba 20, 2013.^"MontrÃÂÃÂ©al ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ RÃÃÂ©pertoire des municipalitÃÃÂ©s ÃÂ¢ÃÃ MinistÃÂÃ¨re des Affaires municipality et de l'Occupation du territoire "(ngesiFulentshi).Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Meyi 18, 2014.^"Izibalo zabantu nokuhlala: I-Canada, izifundazwe nezindawo, kanye nezigaba zokubalwa kwabantu (komasipala), Quebec".Izibalo Canada.Februwari 9, 2022.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 29, 2022.^"Iphrofayela Yokubalwa kwabantu, Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka-2016".Izibalo Canada, 2016 Ukubalwa Kwabantu.Agasti 25, 2017.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngo-Octobe r 19, 2017.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Okthoba 18, 2017- ^a "Iphrofayela Yobalobantu, Ukubalwa kwabantu kwango-2016".b Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.Agasti 25, 2017.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Okthoba 19, 2017.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Okthoba 18, 2017.^"Isibalo sabantu bezindawo zedolobha elikhulu lokubalwa kwabantu".Izibalo zaseCanada.Febhruwari 26, 2014.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-December 16, 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngoNovemba 24, 2014.^"Ville de MontrÃÂÃ Â©al ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Isikhulu se-Portail ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Page d'erreur"(PDF).Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela (PDF) ngomhla ka-Okthoba 1, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 12, 2008.^"Isithasiselo: Ithebula A1 Inani labantu ngeqembu elibonakalayo elincane nendawo yokuhlala, Isimo C (ukukhula okuphezulu), Canada, 2006".Izibalo zaseCanada.Mashi 9, 2010.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngo-April 29, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngo-April 13, 2010.^"Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada, Gqamisa Amathebula , 2006 Census: Montreal(CMA Statistics Canada.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngoMeyi 1, 2011.Kubuyiswe ngo-April 2, 2008.^"Canada's Ethnocultural Mosaic, 2006 Census: Izindawo ezinkulu zokubalwa kwabantu zase-Canada".I-Canada 2006 Census.Statistics Canada.Febhruwari 11, 2010.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kowoqobo ngo-Agasti 5, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngoJulayi 21, 2011.^"Ingxenye ebonakalayoCanada, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 1981 to 2001".Statistics Canada.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ukuya phambili Janawari 21, 2012.Ibuyiselwe ngoNovemba 23, 2011.^"Inhlolovo Kazwelonke Yezindlu (NHS) Iphrofayela ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Khetha ohlwini".Izibalo zase-Canada.Juni 24, 2013.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-1 Disemba 2017.Kubuyiswe ngoMeyi 13, 2014.^"I-Visible Minerals Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census".Izibalo zaseCanada.Agasti 11, 2009.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kweyoqobo ngoDisemba 11, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009- ^a "Montreal (CMA) ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Ulimi Lwebele Olunemininingwane".b Canada 2006 Census.Izibalo zaseCanada.Ephreli 1, 2008.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Mashi 15, 2012.Ibuyiselwe ngoJanuwari 8, 2010.^"Izibalo Canada: 2011 Census Profile".Izibalo zaseCanada.Febhruwari 8, 2012.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela ngomhla ka-20 Disemba 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-21 Mashi 2020.^Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 , 2011, 2016, 2021 census ^"2016 Census of Population ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Imikhiqizo yedatha - Statistics Canada".Izibalo zaseCanada.Februwari 8, 2017- ^ a "Profil SociodÃÂÃÂ©mographique MontrÃÂÃÂ©al 2011"(ngesi-French). 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Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-Ephreli 14, 2018 - ^ a "MontrÃÃÂ©al, inkanyezi ekhulayo kwezezimali zomhlaba ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Meetings ÃÃÂ la MontrÃÃÂ©al".b Imihlangano ÃÂÃÂ la MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-April 19, 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngo-April 9, 2016.^"Iphrofayela ye-Caisse".Caisse de dÃÂÃÂ©pÃÃÂt et placement du QuÃÂÃÂ©bec | Global Investor | Izimali ze-Hedge.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-April 13, 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Ephreli 9, 2016.^"BNP Paribas e-Canada ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ BNP Paribas Canada". www.bnparibas.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-April 19, 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngo-April 9, 2016.^"Ikheli Lehhovisi Lasekhaya ekhasini lokuxhumana". i-riotintoalcan.com.Julayi 28, 2009.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kweyoqobo ngoJanuwari 22, 2010.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Ikheli Lendlunkulu Yomhlaba ekhasini lokuxhumana". bombardier.com.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka koqobo mhla ziyi-14 kuMfumfu 2009.Ibuyiswe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Ikheli Lendlunkulu Yomhlaba wonke ngaphansi kwekhasi lokuxhumana ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ Â cn.ca".cn.ca.Julayi 27, 2009.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kweyoqobo ngoMeyi 1, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Ikheli Lendlunkulu Yomhlaba ekhasini lokuxhumana". cgi.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Agasti 20, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Oxhumana Nabo Abatshalizimali Bafakwe kungobo yomlando ngoFebruwari 4, 2016, e-Wayback Machine."Air Canada.Ibuyiswe ngoMeyi 18, 2009.^"Xhumana nathi Kufakwe kungobo yomlando Juni 1, 2009, emshinini we-Wayback."I-Air Transat.Ibuyiselwe ngoMeyi 20, 2009.^"Ikheli Lendlunkulu Yomhlaba ekhasini lokuxhumana". cae.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Agasti 31, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Ikheli Lendlunkulu Yomhlaba ekhasini lokuxhumana". saputo.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Meyi 1, 2015.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Quebecor inc".Quebecor.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-5 Septhemba 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Septhemba 1, 2009.^"Jean Coutu Pharmacy, ochwepheshe bezempilo nezeluleko zobuhle".Jeancoutu.com.Januwari 21, 2009.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Januwari 14, 2010.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Ephreli 13, 2010.^"Xhumana nathi i-Uniprix.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-April 7, 2010.Ibuyisiwe ngo-Ephreli 13, 2010.^"Xhumana nathi".Proxim.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-June 28, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngo-April 26, 2011.^"Imibuzo Ejwayelekile".Domtar.com.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela ngo-February 27, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"I-Bell Canada Franchise enkulu kakhulu".Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kweyoqobo ngoJuni 30, 2017.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2017.^"Xhumana nathi Kufakwe kungobo yomlando ngoFebruwari 11, 2009, emshinini we-Wayback."Bell Canada.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 24, 2009.^"Standard Life Canada".Standardlife.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Disemba 16, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Molson Coors Canada".I-Molson Coors.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Septhemba 21, 2013.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 28, 2013 .^"Oxhumana nabo".SNC-Lavalin.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngo-January 6, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Inkampani | Xhumana nathi".Imikhiqizo ye-MEGA.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Febhruwari 28, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Xhumana nathi".Aeroplan.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Juni 27, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Oxhumana nabo".Agropur.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngoJuni 12, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Quebec Contact".I-Metro.IMetro.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-6 Septhemba 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 15, 2016.^"Ngemeyili".Laurentian Bank.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Disemba 27, 2010.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^www.nbc.ca."Xhumana ne-National Bank of Canada".Nbc.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Agasti 19, 2009.Ibuyiswe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Xhumana nathi Kufakwe kungobo yomlando ngoMeyi 3, 2009, e-Wayback Machine."I-Transat A.T.Retrieved May 20, 2009.^"Ulwazi oluwusizo lokusiza ukuhlela uhambo lwakho lwesitimela | Nge-Rail".Viarail.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Julayi 9, 2009.Ibuyiswe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Solabs, Inc: Ulwazi Lwenkampani Eyimfihlo ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃ Â Businessweek".Bloomberg L.P. 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Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngoSepthemba 15, 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 15, 2016.^"FAQ".Dollarama.Dollarama Inc.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Septhemba 11, 2016.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 15, 2016.^"Oxhumana nabo".Rona.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Okthoba 20, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 28, 2011.^"World Book Capital 2005 Montreal".^"Umlilo weNotre-Dame de Paris: Aphephe kangakanani amasonto amagugu aseMontreal ^Twain, Mark (December 10, 1881)."Mark Twain eMontreal".The New York Times.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-May 9, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngoFebruwari 2, 2008.^"St.Joseph Oratory".Ukubuka emadolobheni.2009.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kweyoqobo ngomhla ka-April 3, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoMashi 25, 2009.^"Robinson ulinganiswe ngokulungele i-Dodgers ngo-'47".The Sporting News.Agasti 13, 1946.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kowokuqala ngoNovemba 3 , 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngoJuni 6, 2008.^"Inkinga yezimali ze-Ballpark maydeal".ESPN (AP).Disemba 15, 2004.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Februwari 15, 2009.Ibuyiswe ngomhla ka-23 Mashi 2009.^"Olympic Stadium ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ I-FIFA U-20 World yaseMontreal Indawo Yendebe".Canada Soccer.Julayi 17, 2006.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kweyangempela ngomhla ka-Okthoba 2, 2013.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 28, 2013.^"I-FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Canada 2014 Destination: Montreal".FIFA.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela ngoDisemba 31, 2014.Ibuyiswe ngoJanuwari 12, 2015.^"I-FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ¢ Indawo okuyiwa kuyo: Montreal".FIFA.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kowokuqala ngo-December 30, 2014.Ibuyisiwe ngoJanuwari 12, 2015.^"I-Canada yehliswe ekhalendeni elithi F1".Izindaba ze-BBC.Okthoba 8, 2008.Ifakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Septhemba 24, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoJulayi 4, 2009.^"Rogers welula uxhaso lwethenisi kuze kube ngu-2008".YFile.Inyuvesi yase-York.Febhruwari 16, 2005.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngo-April 30, 2011.Kubuyiswe ngoMashi 26, 2009.^"Isikweletu senkundla ye-Quebec's Big Owe siphelile ".E-Canada: I-Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.CBC.Disemba 19, 2006.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngo-Okthoba 9, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoMashi 26, 2009.^Markham, Christina (Februwari 7, 2006 )."ISICI: Kuyajabulisa futhi kuyimidlalo 'kuze kube yilapho usungenile ezikweletini".I-McGill Tribune.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Agasti 10, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-26 Mashi 2009.^"UMkhandlu Wedolobha".Ihholo Ledolobha.Ville de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-5 Okthoba 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 2, 2008.^"I-CMM Ngokubuka nje".Izibalo.Umphakathi waseMontreal Metropolitan.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-2 Disemba 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 2, 2008.^ Territorial Division ActKufakwe kungobo yomlando ngomhla ka-Septhemba 26, 2018, e-Wayback Machine.Izimiso Ezibuyekeziwe Zase-QuebecD-11- ^a "Izinga lokubulala laseMontreal lifinyelela eminyakeni engu-45 ephansi: bona zonke izibalo zobugebengu".Juni 28, 2017.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngo-Agasti 6, 2017.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 5, 2017.b ^"Commission scolaire de MontrÃÂ ÃÂ©al".I-Commission scolaire de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-9 Okthoba 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Ikhomishini scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys".Ikhomishini scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Agasti 28, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'ÃÂÃÂ le".I-Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'ÃÂÃÂle.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-3 Septhemba 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"English Montreal School Board".English Montreal School Board.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Meyi 30, 2012.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Lester B. Pearson School Board".Lester B. 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Machine I-Maclean ^"izikole zebhizinisi eziphezulu e-Canada".Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-April 19, 2015.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Ephreli 25, 2015.^"Okhiye bempumelelo ye-Smart Commuting Montreal, i-Downtown Montreal Transportation Management Centre"( PDF).I-European Platform on Mobility Management.2004.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela koqobo (PDF) ngomhla ka-March 27, 2009.Kubuyiswe ngoMashi 26, 2009.^"Ukuqedwa kwe-Autoroute 30".Izinjongo.Ezokuthutha QuÃÂÃÂ©bec.Agasti 1, 2008.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando isuka kokwangempela ngomhla ka-March 16, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2008- ^"I-Transit Ridership Report Ikota yokuqala ka-2010"(PDF).Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela (PDF) ngomhla ka-Julayi 4, 2010.Ibuyiswe ngo-December 11, 2010.b ^"Inethiwekhi Yebhasi: All Over Montreal"(PDF).SocialÃÂÃÂ©tÃÂÃÂ© de transport de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.2004.p.4.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando (PDF) kokwangempela ngo-Agasti 19, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2008.^"Plan du mÃÂÃ Â©tro de Montreal".Stm.info.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Agasti 31, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^Giniger, Henry (November 22, 1981)."Wenzani e-Montreal".I-New York Times.p.2.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2008.^"UNdunankulu usika iribhoni kusandiso seMetro kuya kuLaval".Montreal Gazette.Ephreli 26, 2007.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando isuka koqobo (PDF) ngomhla ka-December 2, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2008.^"I-AZUR mÃ entsha ÂÃÂ©tro cars".SocialÃÂÃÂ©tÃÂÃÂ© de transport de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al.Ibuyiselwe ngoNovemba 24, 2019.^"Mayelana ne-Air Canada ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Iphrofayela Yebhizinisi".I-Air Canada.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Februwari 11, 2010.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Air Transat".Airtransat.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Mashi 28, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^"Isikhumulo sezindiza saseMirabel sivalelisa abagibeli bokugcina".CTV.ca.Novemba 1, 2004.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngoDisemba 2, 2009.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^Gazette, The (August 30, 2007 )."Iyasuka i-AirMÃÂÃÂ©dic ambulensi".Canada.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngoMeyi 11, 2011.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^La Presse (May 14, 2007)."Mirabel redÃÂÃÂ©colle".Lapresseaffaires.cyberpresse.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kokwangempela ngo-September 30, 2008.Ibuyiselwe ngo-September 1, 2009.^"HÃÂÃÂ©libellule fleet".Helibellule.ca.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Novemba 29, 2007.Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 1, 2009.^LeClerc, Martin (Septhemba 8, 2007)."HÃÂÃÂ©libellule fait revivre le transport des passagers ÃÂÃÂ Mirabel"(ngesiFulentshi).TC Media.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-March 15, 2008.^"AÃÂÃÂ©roports de MontrÃÂÃÂ©al Passenger Statistics"(PDF).Admtl.com.Kufakwe kungobo yomlando (PDF) kusukela kokwangempela ngoJuni 23, 2018.^"Transport Canada TP 577 ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ Umbiko Wonyaka Wezibalo Zokunyakaza Kwezindiza 2006"(PDF 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Ibuyiselwe ngo-Agasti 2, 2008. ^"MontrÃÂÃÂ©al Public Transport System". Iziphathimandla Zezokuthutha ze-European Metropolitan. February 2008. Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Meyi 11, 2011. Ibuyiselwe ngoMashi 26, 2009. ^"Inethiwekhi yesitimela esilula kagesi izodlula e-Montreal ngo-2020". Ephreli 23, 2016. Kufakwe kungobo yomlando kusukela kokwangempela ngomhla ka-Novemba 23, 2018. Ibuyiselwe ngoJanuwari 27, 2019. ^"I-CDPQ imemezela isandiso sasempumalanga esingu-$10B se-REM". Disemba 16, 2020. ^"Izimeya zaseNorth Shore zifuna ukwelulwa kwesitimela esihamba nge-REM". Disemba 18, 2021. ^cyclingmag (Novemba 9, 2011). "I-Montreal Emadolobheni Angcono Kakhulu angama-20 Alungele Amabhayisikili". I-Canadian Cycling Magazine. Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 9, 2021. ^"MontrÃÂÃÂ©al Uhlelo Lokwabelana Ngebhayisikili". PBSC Urban Solutions. Ibuyiselwe ngoSepthemba 9, 2021. ^Izixazululo, PBSC Urban (Septhemba 8, 2021). 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